台灣因人口密集且大都集中於都會區，使得高機動性與低成本的速克達機車(Scooter)為主要交通工具之一，也使得機車成為台灣事故比率最高的車種。都會區道路行人密集度高，活動空間常與機車重疊共用，造成機車與行人事故頻繁。而機車與行人意外事故中，最容易對行人下肢造成傷害，其常見的傷害機制為骨折或膝關節軟組織的損傷，因所需復健時間冗長，故不可忽略其嚴重性。
汽車產業對安全碰撞的研究已發展多年，無論是碰撞人偶試驗或是次系統試驗，利用機械裝置來模擬乘客或行人，並重現接近真實人體的碰撞反應。歐洲促進汽車安全委員會(EEVC)所制定的次系統測試方法是用來評估車輛撞擊的運動反應及傷害，其中用來評估人體下肢碰撞反應和傷害的是下肢衝擊器，但下肢衝擊器的規範主要關注在膝蓋傷害，對於最易發生的骨折只能利用加速度做為評估。然而這些機械裝置只代表有近似的人體擬真度，若要了解真實人體的碰撞反應，除了大體試驗與自願者試驗外，只能利用電腦模擬。
本研究使用有限元素法，建立真實人體下肢電腦模型，以了解機車碰撞時其對行人下肢的影響。研究流程可分為三階段。第一階段中，利用Visible Human Project全身電腦斷層掃瞄建立下肢骨頭與肌肉模型，再透過縮放理論得到50%成年男性模型。第二階段則進行模型的驗證，首先對下肢的股骨、脛骨與腓骨進行靜態與動態三點彎曲驗證，再對整體下肢做彎曲與剪切撞擊驗證。第三階段即利用真實人體下肢模型對機車進行碰撞模擬，並評估行人下肢於機車事故中受傷的可能。

Automobile industry on the human body collision injury research has been developed for many years. Therefore, crash dummies in many biological reactions and injury assessments have been similar to real human. EEVC proposed sub-system tests to evaluate responses and injuries of pedestrians in lateral car-pedestrian accidents. However, the EEVC Pedestrian Legform is evaluated with shearing displacement and bending angle at the knee joint as well as acceleration of a proximal part of the leg segment. Therefore, it can be noted that this test procedure primarily focuses on injuries to the knee joint of all injuries to the lower limb.
The purpose in this thesis is to design a human pedestrian lower limb finite element model, which can reproduce anatomical geometry and biomechanical properties of human body. The thesis process can be divided into three stages. First, this thesis constructs lower limb bones and muscle model by computer tomography by Visible Human Project, and using a scaled down technique to obtain the model of 50% adult male. Second, this thesis used finite element analysis software to do the calibration simulations to evaluate the model’s biofidelity with cadaver test such as static and dynamic 3-point bending tests for bones, dynamic bending and shearing test for lower limb. Last, this thesis simulated scooter accident with human pedestrian lower limb model, and evaluate the injuries of pedestrians’ lower limb.

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