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研究生： 洪偉峰
Hong, Wei-Feng
論文名稱： 水冷式質子交換膜燃料電池堆設計及性能測試
Design and Performance Test of a Water-Cooled PEMFC Stack
指導教授： 賴維祥
Lai, Wei-Hsiang
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年： 2013
畢業學年度： 101
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 148
中文關鍵詞： 質子交換膜燃料電池 、電池堆設計 、水冷式 、性能曲線 、電化學阻抗
外文關鍵詞： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), Stack design, Water-cooled, Polarization curve, Impedance analysis
相關次數： 點閱：142  下載：5 
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    • 目前大型PEMFC電堆商業化仍存在諸多技術課題，而妥善的熱管理策略即為其中之一。電堆於高負載時會釋放出大量的熱能，如果無法適當得進行散熱，易造成薄膜內部整體或局部過乾的情況。本論文自行設計開發五級水冷式PEMFC電堆，於設計階段即先行利用ANSYS CFX套裝軟體進行初步的流道散熱效果比較。本研究著重於電池堆成品開發後之實體運轉測試，針對氣體流率、水溫、水流率、溫度分佈等參數，討論對於電池堆性能與阻抗的影響，根據模擬分析得到的結果進行定性化的檢視，選擇溫度分佈均勻性最佳者做為水冷式電池堆開發之用。實驗結果顯示，增加水溫對於提升電池堆的性能有實質上的幫助，因為能提升電化學反應速率。而水流率2 L/min、水溫65 ℃、氫氣計量比1.5、空氣計量比2.5的條件下能使該電池堆發揮最佳的性能。電池堆外圍溫度分佈與出入口水溫差會明顯地隨著負載變化而有所增減。低流率l L/min的操作下，電堆外圍約靠近第3、4級電池的位置會明顯出現高溫區，而且出入口水溫差會將近6 ℃；將流率增加後，即可有效降低電池堆外圍高溫區所涵蓋的面積。另外，提高電池堆溫度，歐姆阻抗 ( ROhm ) 會隨之增加，但於高電流操作時，此現象不明顯。同時，質傳阻抗與電荷轉移阻抗 ( Rct+Rmt ) 隨溫度提高而下降；提高操作電流則使此現象更趨明顯，此現象可歸因於較多之生成水。

    There are several technical obstructions to overcome for the commercialization of PEMFCs. One of the most critical issues is the water and thermal management which has been considered a key factor to an uniform electrochemical reaction and a proper water content in the MEA. There is a considerable amount of heat while operating a stack, especially at a high current density. The waste heat could lead to dehydration of the MEA locally or globally if an improper thermal management.
    In this work, a 5-cell liquid-cooled PEMFC stack was designed and developed. In the beginning process of stack design, ANSYS CFX simulation is adopted. Our primary mission focuses on the investigation of stack characteristics, including stack performance and impedance analysis in terms of gas stoichiometric ratio, gas humidification, cooling water temperatures and cooling water flow rates, A cooling plate pattern with the best temperature distribution is selected according to our simulate qualitative analysis. The experiment results show that increasing the cooling water temperature significantly raising the stack performance due to an increase of the rate of electrochemical reaction. The 5-cell water-cooled PEMFC stack exhibited the best performance at a water flow rate of 2 L/min, a water temperature of 65 oC, an air stoichiometric ratio of 2.5 and a hydrogen stoichiometric ratio of 1.5. The outside temperature distribution of the stack and the temperature difference between inlet and outlet water change as the output load changes. At a water flow rate of 1 L/min, a higher temperature was observed at a position close to the 3rd and 4th cells. At this condition, the temperature difference between inlet and outlet water is about 6 oC. However ,the area affected by the local high temperature can be reduced effectively by increasing the water flow rate. Increasing the stack temperature increases the Ohmic resistance, but decreases the sum of charge transfer resistance and mass transfer resistance. In addition, the phenomenon of resistance raise becomes less significant for ROhm but more significant for Rct+Rmt at a higher current. This can be attributed to more amount of generated water.

    中文摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 IV 目錄 V 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 IX 符號 XIII 第1章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究動機 5 1-3 文獻回顧 7 1-4 研究目的 15 第2章 燃料電池基本原理 16 2-1 燃料電池簡介 16 2-2 質子交換膜燃料電池基本構造 17 2-2-1 膜電極組（Membrane Electrode Assembly, MEA） 18 2-2-2 氣體擴散層（Gas Diffusion Layer, GDL） 19 2-2-3 電極觸媒層（Catalyst Layer） 20 2-2-4 質子交換膜 20 2-2-5 氣密墊片 22 2-2-6 石墨流道板 22 2-2-6 集電板 23 2-2-7 端板 23 2-3 質子交換膜燃料電池運作原理 23 第3章 實驗設備 26 3-1 燃料電池堆規格 27 3-1-1 水冷式燃料電池堆外觀 27 3-1-2 電池堆組件圖 29 3-2 簡易型水冷散熱設備 35 3-2-1 110 V 溫控箱與電阻式加熱鍋 36 3-2-2 耐溫泵浦 37 3-2-3 浮子式流量計 38 3-2-4 熱電偶與溫度擷取器 39 3-3 燃料電池測試平台 42 3-3-1 燃料供應系統 44 3-3-2 增濕系統 45 第4章 實驗與研究方法 46 4-1 數值模擬與分析 46 4-1-1 統御方程式 47 4-1-2 幾何模型與參數設定 48 4-1-3 邊界條件設定 50 4-2 極化曲線 54 4-2-1 活化過電位 56 4-2-2 歐姆過電位 57 4-2-3 濃度過電位 58 4-3 電化學阻抗頻譜分析 58 4-4 水冷式燃料電池堆外圍溫度量測 62 4-5 實驗矩陣與參數設定 65 4-5-1 陰陽極燃料增濕設定 65 4-5-2 交流阻抗頻譜分析設定 67 4-5-3 實驗矩陣 68 4-5-4 實驗步驟 70 4-6 散熱效率計算 71 第5章 結果與討論 74 5-1 流道板數值模擬 75 5-1-1 水流率2.13×10-5 L/min，流道(A)、(B)與(C)之散熱效果比較 75 5-1-2 水流率2.13×10-5 L/min，流道(D)與(E)之散熱效果比較 76 5-1-3 水流率4.3×10-5 L/min，流道(A)、(B)與(C)之散熱效果比較 77 5-1-4 水流率4.3×10-5 L/min，流道(D)與(E)之散熱效果比較 77 5-2 陰陽極氣體計量比對燃料電池堆性能的影響 82 5-2-1 陽極計量比對燃料電池堆性能的影響 82 5-2-2 陰極計量比對燃料電池堆性能的影響 83 5-3 入口水流率對電池堆特性分析 87 5-3-1 入口水流率對電池堆性能之影響 87 5-3-2 入口水流率對電池堆外圍溫度分佈之影響 99 5-4 入口水溫對電池堆特性分析 113 5-4-1 入口水溫對電池堆性能之影響 113 5-4-2 入口水溫對電池堆與各級電池阻抗之影響 121 5-5 散熱效率 138 第6章 結論與未來工作 140 6-1 結論 140 6-2 未來工作 142 參考文獻 143

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