在植物中，胜肽可透過維管束汁液傳遞以利系統性地調節全身性的生長發育，並且可以在逆境下進行調控響應環境變化以及抵抗病原體。為了探討胜肽的遠距離調控角色，本研究主要使用阿拉伯芥分根系統去探討一系列的胜肽訊號的遠距離傳遞功能，並且提供其近端及遠端調控的表現型證據及蛋白質體變化。這些胜肽包括: (1) 被子植物汁液肽ASAP (Angiosperm Sap Peptide), (2) 阿拉伯芥胜肽AtIDA (Arabidopsis thaliana INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION), (3) AtRALF33 (Arabidopsis thaliana RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 33), (4) 南方根瘤線蟲的模仿胜肽MiIDL1(Meloidogyne incognita IDA-like 1), 以及(5) MiRALF1 (Meloidogyne incognita RALF 1) 。其中ASAP是我們最近在多種具有演化代表性的被子植物維管束汁液胜肽體中發現的演化保守長距離移動肽。從前人研究中得知ASAP能夠在阿拉伯芥的培養液中偵測到，加上我們近期已經證實其調控毛果楊及玫瑰桉的木質素單體生合成。所以本研究利用合成的ASAP處理阿拉伯芥後進行染色觀察木質素累積，證明ASAP會進行遠距離訊息傳遞促進遠端未處理的根部的產生木質素累積。另一方面，我們也藉由分根實驗確認了AtIDA、AtRALF33、MiIDL1和MiRALF1皆能夠長距離調控側根生長，並且使用已知IDA和RALF受體的突變株來探討其遠端訊息感測是否與其受體有關。此外，我們分析了這五條胜肽在澆灌處理後的葉片蛋白質體變化，以及在分根實驗中以野生型及受體突變株胜肽處理的蛋白質體變化。發現不管是內生胜肽和線蟲模仿肽處理都會顯著抑制大部分的蛋白體表現，而ASAP則有明顯上調木質素單體生合成的蛋白。而RALF在野生型與受體突變株蛋白質體的定量結果，顯示過氧化物還原活性會被顯著性的下調，與其免疫調控功能有關。在本論文我們利用蛋白體的變化，結合分根實驗表現型的研究，已經證明這些胜肽確實具有長距離訊息移動或是遠端調控的重要角色。

In plants, peptides can be transported through vascular sap to systematically regulate growth and development of whole plant body. The long-distance signaling peptides also found to participate in regulatory responses to environmental changes and resistance against pathogens under stress. To investigate the long-distance signaling roles of peptides, we utilized the Arabidopsis root splitting system to explore the long-distance signaling functions of a series of peptide signals and provide phenotypic evidence and proteomic changes associated with their local and remote regulation. These peptides include: (1) Angiosperm Sap Peptide (ASAP), (2) Arabidopsis thaliana INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (AtIDA), (3) Arabidopsis thaliana RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 33 (AtRALF33), (4) Meloidogyne incognita IDA-like 1 (MiIDL1), and (5) Meloidogyne incognita RALF 1 (MiRALF1). ASAP is an evolutionarily conserved long-distance mobile peptide discovered in the vascular sap peptidome of several representative angiosperms. Previous studies have detected ASAP in the culture medium of Arabidopsis, and we have recently found its regulation of monolignol biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa and Eucalyptus grandis. Here, we observed the lignin deposition of ASAP-treated Arabidopsis using root splitting system, providing evidence that ASAP undergoes long-distance signaling. On the other hand, we also confirmed that AtIDA, AtRALF33, MiIDL1, and MiRALF1 can regulate lateral root growth over long distances. We used IDA and RALF receptor mutants to investigate whether their long-distance signaling roles are associated with these receptors. Additionally, we analyzed the leaf proteomic changes of these five peptides after irrigation treatment and the local and systemic proteomic changes using the root splitting systems. We found that both endogenous peptides and corresponding nematode mimic peptides significantly inhibit the expression of most proteins, while ASAP specifically regulates proteins involved in lignin monomer biosynthesis. The quantitative proteomic results of RALF in wild-type and receptor mutant showed significant differences in peroxidase activity, indicating its association with immune regulatory functions. Combining proteomic changes with the phenotypic study of root partitioning, we have demonstrated that these peptides indeed play important roles in long-distance information transmission or distal regulation.

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