乙醇轉化為四碳產物大多需藉由酸鹼雙功能觸媒方可進行。具波洛斯凱特結構的LaMnO3觸媒因同時擁有路易士酸(Mn4+)與路易士鹼(非晶格氧)的配位，因此可推測LaMnO3對於乙醇轉化為四碳產物應具有催化活性。故本實驗將LaMnO3擔載於二氧化矽上後探討不同Mn4+與非晶格氧組成比例對於乙醇轉化為四碳產物(包含1,3-丁二烯或與正丁醇)之影響。
將LaMnO3擔載於二氧化矽上之後發現，隨著LaMnO3尺徑縮小可提高Mn4+與非晶格氧之含量。乙醇轉化的結果也顯示未擔載在二氧化矽上之LaMnO3只有將乙醇脫氫形成乙醛的能力而不具備醇醛縮合之活性（極少四碳產物的生成）；隨著Mn4+與非晶格氧之含量上升，1,3-丁二烯之選擇率也隨之上升。由物化性的鑑定發現Mn4+與非晶格氧的組成比例上升，觸媒表面的酸性與酸強度也有上升的趨勢。本實驗也以中間物(乙醛與巴豆醛)為共同反應物的方式探討乙醇在LaMnO3觸媒上轉化時之速率決定步驟。結果顯示醇醛縮合 (aldol-condensation)為速率決定步驟。以Mn4+與非晶格氧之路易士酸鹼對行乙醇轉化為四碳產物之反應機制亦被提出。

This study reports that the C2-C2 aldolization in ethanol conversion to C4 products, particularly butadiene, can be catalyzed by silica supported LaMnO3 catalysts. The concentration and strength of Mn4+ was discovered to be related to the particle size of supported LaMnO3: the smaller the particle size, the higher the concentration and acidity of Mn4+. This concurrently increases the amount of weak basic nonstoichiometric oxygen, by which the surface concentration of Lewis acid-base adduct can be elevated. The Mn4+/nonstoichiometric oxygen pair is intrinsically active in C2-C2 aldolization, and the concentration of the paired site is positively correlated to the selectivity of C4 products. Accordingly, a plausible mechanism of aldolization of acetaldehyde molecules into C4 products mediated by the Mn4+/nonstoichiometric oxygen adduct of LaMnO3 was established.

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