本研究主要是以離場整治之模場土堆作為研究內容，再配合實驗室批次試驗，探討利用土耕法(landfarming)配合柱塞回流法(Plug flow reaction & Recirculation seeding)之觀念與生物添加(bioaugmentation)及生物刺激(biostimulation)之方法應用整治總石油碳氫化合物污染之土壤之效果。研究中總共分成兩個離場模場土堆(ex-situ biopile)與一個實驗室批次試驗。
離場模場之一：每土堆為10m3共分成5堆，分別為：(1) 添加生物界面活性劑(BS)；(2) 添加BH medium (NE)；(3)添加具有降解柴油之功能的菌株 (BA)；(4)添加BA和BS (BAS)；(5)只添加水而不做任何添加(CT)。採用額外添加柴油方式進行復育，各堆的起始TPHC10~C28的範圍約8,400 mg/kg dry soil~10,270 mg/kg dry soil，經過14天只有BAS堆濃度在5,000 mg/kg dry soil以上，其餘的都在2,200 mg/kg dry soil ~3,500 mg/kg dry soil之間；經過24天後，各堆TPHC10~C28值都在1,500 mg/kg dry soil以下，甚至有低於法規標準的1,000 mg/kg dry soil，去除率高達90%。在24天以後各堆TPHC10~C28即維持在1,000 mg/kg dry soil的殘餘濃度。由於污染土壤受污染已有一段時間，因此原生菌種已有很強的適應環境能力，且具有多樣性與豐富性，造成每堆效果沒有明顯的差異。
離場模場之二：採用原污染土壤作為復育對象，利用土耕生物堆法結合柱塞回流法進行離場整治。研究中採用兩種TPHC10~40污染濃度之土壤分別為3,500~4,500 mg/kg dry soil及5,500~9,000 mg/kg dry soil，其各簡稱為S系列及T系列。S系列及T系列土堆分別各4堆，每堆為高約2 m之20 m3土堆，其中各含一堆控制組(S0 & T0)，即只添加水分及翻堆之土堆。土壤復育的策略有：添加營養鹽、施灑第二次界面活性劑、第二次菌劑及輔助碳源。在復育過程中兩系列的TPH去除效果分別與其控制組沒有明顯差別。但因為污染物的比例不同，因此S系列初期去除效果比T系列佳。
實驗室規模：其實驗因子為(1)柴油及燃料油添加的比例、(2)生物界面活性劑(Rhamnolipid)的添加(生物刺激,biostimulation)及(3)生物菌劑的添加(生物添加,bioaugmentation)。啟動後第六天各組總異營菌(total heterotrophic bacteria ,THB)均有大幅增加，漲幅4至10倍不等，柴油比例越高其漲幅就越大，且有生物添加的反應瓶，其菌數也比較多。柴油分解菌(Diesel aerobic bacteria,DAB)於第6天也是有大幅增加的情形，但是以35%柴油及65%燃料油組成的污染物在沒有生物添加與生物刺激下及全部添加燃料油的組別則有遲滯或者減少的現象。經過114天復育之後，隨著燃料油比例的增加，其去除率有下降的趨勢，但是生物添加及生物刺激則沒有明顯的差異。本研究提供離場模場規模整治經驗作為基礎，期能在未來可應用於現場整治。

The content of this study were main researched on biopiles of ex-situ bioremediation and collocated experimental batch study of laboratory to evaluate feasibility of using land farming associated “Plug flow reaction and Recirculation seeding” with bioaugmentation and biostimulation bioremedied total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated-soil.This study covered two sites of ex-situ bioremediation and one of experimental batch study of laboratory.
One of the sites of ex-situ bioremediation：This research adopts method of adding diesel oil , biostimulation and bioaugmentation to simulate the way of treating biopile .In the study, experiment factors divided into five parts – bioaugmentation biopile (BA)；biostumulation biopile (BS)；BA +BS (BAS)；nutrient enhance biopile (NE) and control biopile (CT) , and each of them operated in the cubic of 3m (L) *3m (W) *1m (H) soil’s biopile.In the study, the range of initial TPHC10~C28 in each biopiles is 8,400 mg/kg dry soil to 10,270 mg/kg dry soil. Through 14 days, only BAS biopiles is above 5,000 mg/kg dry soil,and the other are between 2,200 mg/kg dry soil and 3,500 mg/kg dry soil. After 24 days, The concentration of TPHC10~C28 of each biopile is under 1,500 mg/kg dry soil, even there is lower than the regulation standard 1,000 mg/kg dry soil, and the removal is up to 90%. After 24 days, the concentration of TPHC10~C28 of each biopile is promptly maintained 1,000 mg/kg dry soil. The result of bacteria measured indicate the originally bacterials included this research adding bacteria cluster, and the total colony counting of Originally bacterial reached 108 CFU/g dry soil. As a result of the polluted soil contaminated for some time , originally bacteria hade grown and already had very strong environmental ability of adaptation. So it caused each biopile of result in this research not to have obvious difference, and CT’s biopile could be degraded rapidly.
The other site of ex-situ bioremediation：In the present study, 100m3 of petroleum-oil contaminated soil was divided broadly into two series (S & T-series) of biopiles with land-farming associated “Plug flow reaction and Recirculation seeding” operation in series. Enriched, mixed culture of petroleum oil degrading bacterial consortium and biosurfactant (rhamnolipid emulsifier) were applied to each biopile for enhancing the biodegradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) including diesel (C10~C28) and fuel oil (C10~C40). After three weeks of bioremediation process, the TPHC10~C28 and TPHC10~C40 were degraded by almost 75% and 60% in both series of biopiles respectively. In each biopile of S-series, microbial concentration was maintained at the range of 105~106 CFU/g dry soil. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species were predominant group present in indigenous and augmented consortia.
The batch study：Experimental factors were divided to (1) mixed ratio of diesel and fuel oil (2) biosurfactant (3) bioaugmentation. Total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) increased very much after starting operational 6 days. The quantity of increasing level was higher with increasing mixed ratio of diesel.The bioreactors had bioaugmented had more diesel aerobic bacteria (DAB).But with increasing mixed ratio of fuel oil, DAB had deceased and removal efficiency of TPH was down.The bioaumentation and biostimulation had not significant different.The purpose of this study was to provide experiences of ex-situ biopile bioremediation for applied to in-situ bioremediation.

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