壹、研究背景：
憂鬱症病因研究非常多，但是對於憂鬱症父母如何影響下一代的機制還不甚清楚。疾病的傳遞是透過許多不同機制運作而成，其中一個為兒童暴露於母親負向或不良的認知、行為、情感中。母親的負向認知、行為、情感無法滿足兒童的社會與情緒需求，這種不當的互動方式影響兒童的社會、認知能力發展。經由社會學習和模仿，兒童表現出來的認知、行為、情感類似於母親。而憂鬱的認知理論中，歸因理論強調個體的歸因型態與憂鬱發作有很大的關係。因此，本研究的目的為ㄧ、探討母親的歸因型態與母親憂鬱的相關；二、探討母親的歸因型態、憂鬱對子代歸因型態的預測力；三、探討母親的歸因型態、憂鬱及子代的歸因型態對子代憂鬱症狀的預測力。

貳、研究方法：
ㄧ、樣本：以『國立成功大學附設醫院婦幼身心健康促進小組』長期追蹤的婦女及其子代為研究對象，最後參與此次研究的母子共105對（憂鬱組54對，控制組51對），子代的年齡介於8到10歲。由回收樣本與流失樣本的特性比較中得知，參與此次研究與非參與此次研究婦女之憂鬱組、控制組人數沒有顯著差異。另外，憂鬱組中，非參與此次研究婦女在懷孕36週的BDI分數顯著高於參與此次研究婦女；教育年數顯著低於參與此次研究婦女。控制組中，參與此次研究婦女與非參與此次研究婦女在懷孕36週的BDI分數與教育年數均沒有顯著差異。
二、研究工具：1、衡鑑憂鬱之工具：兒童方面包括K-SADS-E中文版（母親版）、K-SADS-E中文版（兒童版）、兒童行為與情緒檢核表之憂鬱分量表。母親方面包括SADS－L追蹤版中文版、貝氏情緒量表。2、衡鑑歸因的工具：兒童方面為兒童歸因型態量表。母親方面包括歸因量表、兒童歸因型態量表（母親版）。
三、資料分析：1、以獨立樣本t檢定或卡方檢定，探討憂鬱組與控制組之人口統計學、憂鬱症狀及歸因型態差異。2、以皮爾遜相關探討各變項間的相關。3、以階層回歸分析，探討母親的歸因型態、終生憂鬱診斷對子代歸因型態的預測力。4、以階層回歸分析，探討母親的歸因型態、終生憂鬱診斷及子代的歸因型態對子代憂鬱症狀的預測力。

參、研究結果：
ㄧ、受試者的人口統計學、憂鬱症狀及歸因型態方面：憂鬱組與控制組及其子代在各個人口統計學變項上沒有差異。憂鬱組母親的憂鬱分數顯著高於控制組母親，而兩組子代的憂鬱分數沒有差異。憂鬱組母親的負向事件歸因型態顯著比控制組母親高分。
二、各變項間的相關方面：兒童歸因型態量表之正向事件歸因型態與負向事件歸因型態有顯著正相關。母親歸因量表之正負向事件歸因型態與兒童歸因型態量表（母親版）之正負向事件歸因型態有顯著正相關。
三、母親的歸因型態、終生憂鬱診斷對子代歸因型態的預測力方面：母親歸因量表分數不是母親終生憂鬱診斷與兒童歸因型態量表分數之間的中介變項，而母親歸因量表分數、終生憂鬱診斷均不能預測兒童歸因型態量表分數。兒童歸因型態量表（母親版）分數也不是母親終生憂鬱診斷與兒童歸因型態量表分數之間的中介變項，而兒童歸因型態量表（母親版）分數、終生憂鬱診斷均不能預測兒童歸因型態量表分數。
四、母親的歸因型態、終生憂鬱診斷及子代歸因型態對子代憂鬱症狀的預測力方面：母親的歸因量表分數、終生憂鬱診斷及兒童歸因型態量表分數都不能預測兒童的憂鬱分數；兒童歸因型態量表（母親版）分數、終生憂鬱診斷及兒童歸因型態量表分數都不能預測兒童的憂鬱分數。

肆、結論：
個體的歸因型態方面，本研究部分支持前人研究，憂鬱症母親對於負向事件的歸因型態比健康母親更內在、穩定、廣泛，但是在兒童方面沒有得到支持，兩組母親的子代在歸因型態上並無差異。
另外，憂鬱症母親影響子代之機制方面，本研究初步發現母親的歸因型態、母親的終生憂鬱診斷無法預測8到10歲子代的歸因型態；母親的歸因型態、母親的終生憂鬱診斷及子代自身的歸因型態不能預測子代的憂鬱症狀。
雖然研究結果不如預期，但必須一提的是樣本選取的限制，比較本研究的回收樣本與流失樣本特性，結果可看出憂鬱組中前來參與此次研究的婦女，她們在懷孕期的憂鬱症狀顯著比較輕微，教育程度顯著比較高。此外，由此次研究所測量的貝氏情緒量表分數顯示，無論憂鬱組或控制組婦女她們的分數都落在正常範圍（10分以下）。因此，有可能前來參與此次研究的憂鬱組婦女，她們的功能比較好、教育程度比較高，她們對於子女的身心健康情況可能比較關心與重視，而無形中形成保護因子調節本研究所探討的變項。由於以上因素，本研究結果在概推與應用上必須格外小心保守，且必須重複驗證。

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中文部分
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李宗憲（民86）。國小高年級原住民與漢民族學生習得無助感及其相關因素之比較研究。國立台灣師範大學教育學系研究所碩士論文。

吳美玲（民89）。國小學童父母管教方式、教師期望與習得無助感相關之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系研究所碩士論文。

林宗鴻（民86）。人格心理學。台灣：揚智出版社。

林淑瑜（民91）。母親的憂鬱症、焦慮症及兒童的性別對學齡前兒童的注意缺失及過動問題之影響。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文。

柯慧貞（民78）。內因性憂鬱症與非內因性憂鬱症在腎上腺皮質素抑制反應、認知偏差及生活壓力上之比較。國立台灣大學心理學研究所博士論文。

柯慧貞（民85）。產後憂鬱症致病機轉之前瞻性研究(III)。行政院國科會專題計畫成果報告(編號：NSC-85-2331-13-006-108Y)。

黃慧貞（民71）。生活壓力，歸因組型及社會支援與大學生的憂鬱症。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。

陳錫銘（民79）。認知行為取向團體諮商對國小憂鬱兒童輔導效果之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。

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