細胞中除了信使RNA (mRNA) 之外，非編碼RNA (ncRNA) 在細胞中也扮演重要的角色，其中miRNA的表達會調控細胞不同的功能之外，也會影響mRNA的穩定性及基因組 (genome) 的結構，目前有許多種方法可以用來偵測或分析細胞中的miRNA，如定量反轉錄聚合酶鏈反應 (qRT-PCR)、基因晶片 (microarray) 以及次世代定序 (NGS)，然而這些方法的敏感度並沒有很高，所以為全面了解不同細胞類型的功能及特徵，我們建立了敏感的偵測系統進行分析。我們透過多聚腺苷酸化 (polyadenylation) 同時分析細胞中的mRNA及ncRNA，接著我們調整了buffer中的離子濃度，使偵測系統的靈敏度增加。我們將此系統應用於少量或單顆的HEK293細胞及人類多功能幹細胞 (hPSC)，並以qRT-PCR及高通量定序來確認此系統的靈敏度。根據結果發現我們可以透過此系統觀察少量或單顆細胞中不同類型的RNA，最後透過qRT-PCR驗證HEK293細胞及hPSC細胞的選擇性富集，另外我們也發現此系統除了可以偵測miRNA之外，同時還可以分析其他ncRNA及mRNA。總而言之，我們建立了一個簡單且敏感的偵測系統，可以同時量化少量細胞數的ncRNA及mRNA。

SUMMARY
In addition to messenger RNA (mRNA), non-coding RNA (ncRNA) plays an important role in cells. miRNAs’ function is to regulate different function of cells, stability of mRNA and genome structure. There are many ways to detect or analyze miRNAs, such as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), microarray, and next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, these methods have low sensitivity and require large numbers of cells to detect miRNA. So we wanted to find a more sensitive detection system. We used polyadenylation to analyze mRNA and ncRNA in cells, simultaneously. Then we adjusted the ion concentration in buffer to increase the sensitivity of the detection system. We applied this system to low number or single HEK293 cells and human pluripotency stem cells (hPSCs), and then confirmed the sensitivity of the system with qRT-PCR and high throughput sequencing. According to the results, we can observe the different type of RNA in low number or single cells. Finally, the selective enrichment of HEK293 cells and hPSC cells was verified by qRT-PCR. We found that the system can detect miRNA in addition, but also can analyze other ncRNA and mRNA. Overall, we have established a simple and sensitive way to concurrently quantify both mRNA and ncRNA in low cell number for qRT-PCR and high throughput sequencing.

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