本論文主要研究重點在於將水相的金奈米粒子與銀奈米粒子添加於聚合酶連鎖反應，藉以探討奈米粒子增加聚合酶連鎖反應中效率的原因與添加方式，實驗發現金奈米粒子能有效縮短聚合酶連鎖反應的時間與提升DNA產物複製效率，而奈米粒子的粒徑、濃度與保護劑將會影響聚合酶連鎖反應的進行。實驗中所採用之10-30 nm金奈米粒子與15 nm銀奈米粒子分別添加於聚合酶配方中，藉由173 bp之核苷酸片段於即時聚合酶連鎖反應系統中加以分析，再將實驗結果利用熔解溫度（melting temperature curve）分析方式與瓊膠電泳（gel electrophoresis）交相驗證金奈米粒子與銀奈米粒子增進聚合酶連鎖反應的效率，並進行定性與定量分析。
實驗結果發現以檸檬酸鈉做為保護劑的金奈米粒子能有效增進聚合酶連鎖反應之效率高達1000倍，並能縮短時間為參考反應時間為1/6倍，以相同濃度做為標準進行不同粒徑的比較，在實驗中發現當金奈米粒子粒徑愈小時，增進聚合酶連鎖反應的效率更佳，奈米粒子的其中一種特性便是具有極高的反應表面積，因此將金原子總體積相同做為基準，調配成不同粒徑的金奈米粒子，此時實驗結果証實當表面積愈高，增進聚合酶連鎖反應的效率更佳；反觀以硼氫化鈉（NaBH4）調配的商用的水相銀奈米粒子其水溶液呈中性（pH7.0-7.5），對聚合酶連鎖反應的效率並無顯著的提升效益，但是卻能有效維持Taq酵素的活性，聚合酶連鎖反應的酵素會因溫度的增加而降低活性，故實驗設計上首先將酵素事先增溫至97℃、加熱5 分鐘，使得原有酵素活性降約為1/2倍，再將銀奈米粒子加入後卻能保持一定的酵素活性，這項實驗結果能應用於提升酵素反應與延長酵素活性上，因此本論文將分別討論金奈米粒子與銀奈米粒子對聚合酶連鎖反應的增進效率的機制與環境控制做一系列的探討，相關成果十分有助於分子生物工程領域的提升。

In recent decade, many researches of nanoparticle applications are published for molecular biology, material engineer, medical diagnostics, etc. The metal nanoparticle, for example, gold and silver, is excellent thermo-transmitting and high surface-volume ratio. The polymerase chain reaction, PCR, is used with Taq DNA polymerase to amplify a specific DNA fragment in 30-50 heating-cooling cycles. Therefore, the efficiency of thermo-transmitting is important condition of PCR efficiency. In this thesis, gold and silver nanoparticles are used to enhance the efficiency of PCR with excellent thermo-transmitting. The real-time PCR is a quickly method to quantify the amount of DNA. This method could analyze easily and quickly the efficiency of PCR by melting temperature curve analysis. Therefore, the real-time PCR is used for estimating efficiency of PCR. In real-time PCR, the DNA template is used with the 173 bp specific green fluorescent protein which is designed from pEGFP-N1 plasmid. After PCR, DNA products are confirmed with agarose gel electrophoresis.

In this study, 13, 20 and 30 nm gold nanoparticles are used with enhancing efficiency of PCR. The efficiency of PCR could be enhancing 1000 fold with gold nanoparticle than without it. Besides enhancing efficiency, the PCR reaction time could be shortened to 1/6 standard reaction time. Comparison of the same concentration of 13-30 nm gold nanoparticles, the 30 nm gold nanoparticle has the best efficiency for enhancing PCR efficiency. The high surface-volume ratio of nanoparticle is very important condition for efficiency of thermo-transmitting. The large surface-volume ratio has excellent thermo-transmitting in nanoparticles. Therefore, comparing with the same volume of 13-30 nm gold nanoparticle, 13 nm gold nanopraticle is the largest surface-volume ratio and is the best effect of enhancing PCR.

The 15 nm silver nanoparticle is similar condition with 13 nm gold nanoparticle. Unfortunately, the silver nanoparticle is very poor effect of enhancing PCR. When Taq DNA polymerase is heating 97.5℃ for 5-6 minutes to destroy activation of enzyme, the PCR efficiency is down to 1/2 original efficiency. In this condition, the efficiency of PCR is maintained at original efficiency by adding 15 nm silver nanoparticle. Summary, the gold nanoparticles could enhance efficiency of PCR and silver nanoparticle could maintain activation of enzyme in PCR. These metal nanopartilces applications would promote researches in biomedical diagnostics and molecular biology.

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