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研究生: 李鏈生
Lee, Lain-Sheng
論文名稱: 低成本高效率永磁馬達之最佳化設計與實現
Optimal Design and Implementation of Permanent Magnet Motor for Low Cost and High Efficiency
指導教授: 趙隆山
Chao, Long-Sun
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 工程科學系碩士在職專班
Department of Engineering Science (on the job class)
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 102
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 90
中文關鍵詞: 永磁設計永磁馬達氧化鐵田口最佳化馬達效率
外文關鍵詞: PM motor design, PM motor, Ferrite, Taguchi-Method, Motor Efficiency
相關次數: 點閱:123下載:16
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  • 近年來能源價格不斷上漲而形成的危機與節能減碳需求,各國都在發展各種替代能源與提高各種能源使用率。而提高能源使用率的方法就不能提到馬達的使用, 馬達廣泛的應用於各種家庭.工業.運輸與資訊等設備。
    各國為了減少能源損失分別制定馬達效率法規,期望馬達效率的提高進而減少能源不必要的浪費。因應這樣的需求,業界紛紛投入馬達整套系統效率提升(控制器與馬達),而馬達的改善方法除了原馬達更改材料選用.磁路優化. 散熱設計與減少機構的摩擦損外,另一個方式是將馬達做永磁設計。憑藉永磁材料產生磁場比電能產生的磁場效能更佳,因此馬達效率高,功率密度高,而產生熱量較少,得以用更小體積,輸出更大功率;且由於轉子慣量小、反應快速,使耗能更低,在一定使用年限內,總成本低於感應馬達。
    市面上的高效率永磁馬達大多採用釹鐵硼(NdFeB)這類的稀土材料,由於稀土材料是屬於高單價的材料,以致於馬達永磁化的過程往往因成本問題,導致永磁馬達的應用都屬於較高階的應用,再加上稀土材料有專利授權問題與台灣並無法生產稀土等問題。所以吾人想要使用氧化鐵磁石為永磁材料來設計馬達轉子的磁路設計,使用Ansoft軟體進行磁路分析,藉由田口法作模擬數值的比較,進而得到最佳化參數,並使用Pro/E 3D軟體繪製馬達3D圖面與2D尺寸圖,發包製作樣品,組裝樣機後進行量測永磁馬達與感應馬達的效率作數據比較;並比較永磁馬達與感應馬達的定子與轉子材料成本。

    New energy solution and high efficiency of energy use have been the major topics among all countries due to the energy crisis in recent years. Motor has played an important role in increasing energy efficiency, since it has been widely used in all kinds of equipment for industry, transportation and IT industry.
    All countries have revised the motor efficiency standard for reducing the energy losses and expect to increase the motor efficiency. To meet the requirement, the motor industry has putted the resources on increasing the motor system efficiency which includes both motor and inverter. Permanent magnet motor (PM motor) is an important solution for improving motor efficiency besides the optimization of material, electromagnetic design, thermal design and mechanical losses of conventional motor type. PM motor benefits from the high energy density of rare earth magnet, so it has higher power density and higher efficiency. Besides, the rotor inertia of PM motor is smaller than the induction motor, the rotation response is faster and the efficiency is improved accordingly. The higher efficiency of motor system can lower the overall energy cost for the application within the certain lifetime.
    High efficiency PM motor is mostly designed with the rare earth material, like NdFeB, which is quite expensive on the market. The high price of the rare earth material limits the PM motor in certain high level application. Furthermore, the patent restriction and up to 90% material source being limited in China of rare earth permanent magnet create the barrier to implement PM motor in wider application scope. The objective of this study is to design a motor with ferrite magnet motor to lower the motor cost. The electromagnetic design is done with the software ANSOFT (Ansys), and further implemented with the Taguchi-Method to optimize the parameters. The mechanical design is done with the software ProE 2D/ 3d, and the prototype is built after freezing the 3D model and 2d drawing. The proposed ferrite-magnet motor is further compared with an induction motor in terms of efficiency measurement and the material cost of stator and rotor core.

    目錄 摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 VIII 目錄 IX 表目錄 XII 圖目錄 XIV 符號說明 XVIII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究動機與目的 3 1-3 文獻回顧 5 1-4 馬達效率法規 5 1-5 感應馬達原理 8 1-6 專有名詞解釋 10 1-6-1 反電動勢 10 1-6-2 扭矩常數 12 1-6-3 頓轉扭矩與轉矩漣波 13 1-6-4 馬達效率 15 1-6-5 馬達特性曲線圖 17 1-7 專利探討 18 1-7-1 US7969058 18 1-7-2 US8174158 19 1-7-3 US20110037669 19 第二章 永磁馬達與感應馬達之比較 21 2-1 永磁馬達與感應馬達轉子差異 23 2-2 永磁馬達與感應馬達定子差異 29 第三章 馬達設計流程與模擬驗證 35 3-1 馬達設計方法與流程 35 3-2 田口最佳化與磁路分析 41 3-2-1 決定可控制的因子與水準 41 3-2-2 選擇合適的直交表 46 3-2-3 由An-soft軟體模擬直交表所分配的實驗參數。 47 3-2-4 田口法數值分析 50 3-2-5 最佳化分析與結果 55 3-3 馬達3D圖檔建構 58 3-4 馬達零件製作與樣機組裝 61 3-5 馬達測試設備 67 第四章 測試結果與討論 72 4-1 永磁馬達與感應馬達效率比較 73 4-2 永磁馬達與感應馬達成本比較 80 第五章 結論與建議 83 5-1 結論 83 5-2 建議 84 參考文獻 85 附錄 87 附錄一、永磁氧化鐵特性標準 87 附錄二、漆包銅線膜厚規格 88 附錄三、中鋼電磁鋼捲規格 90

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