旅遊產業是各國重視的「綠色產業」，在創造就業機會及賺取外匯的功能上具有明顯效益，被視為是21世紀的明星產業。近年來，台灣政府為促進旅遊產業發展，已制定了許多旅遊政策並付諸實行，不僅促進國家產業多元化，而且為保持台灣經濟的競爭優勢起了一定的效用。 旅遊可分為入境、出境和國內旅遊三部分，其中入境和國內旅遊為增加國家旅遊產出的主要來源，因此本論文選擇台灣之入境和國內旅遊為研究標的，探討旅遊需求和經濟發展的連動關係。
在入境旅遊的部分，分別以國家整體觀點和個別國際旅客來源國為基礎，了解旅遊需求和經濟發展的關係。國家整體面的研究以總體國際旅遊人次為入境旅遊發展的代理變數，而經濟成長則分別以實質國內生產毛額、國民所得毛額和國民可支配所得加以衡量，分析總體經濟和入境旅遊發展之間的共整合和因果關係，此結果發現，不論採用何種所得衡量變數，台灣整體入境旅遊需求和經濟狀況之間均存在長期穩定和雙向因果的關係。每年來台國際旅客除中國大陸外以日本佔最大部份，而陸客開放時間尚短，因此個別來源國以日本為研究對象，採用日本來台旅遊人次和日本國內生產毛額、旅客生活成本和替代價格等經濟因子為變數建構向量自我迴歸模型，分別以共整合和衝擊響應函數分析各變數間長期和短期的關係，得知，除了求學目的旅客外，其他旅遊目的模型變數間均有長期均衡的關係，而在短期分析部分，各旅遊目的模型間則存在不少的差異。
在國內旅遊需求部分以國家總體面進行探討，除考量總體經濟因素，也加入旅館產業營運的構面。因此為了解台灣國內旅遊需求、旅館經營和經濟發展之關係，以總體國內旅遊人次、總體旅館營收和國內生產毛額為代理變數，進行共整合和因果關係檢定，結果顯示除了總體旅館營收沒有顯著影響國內生產毛額以外，三個變數之間所有的長期均衡和雙向因果關係均存在。
透過上述實證分析得知，不管是入境或國內旅遊模型，台灣旅遊需求和經濟狀況都具有緊密的連動關係。期望論文結果能提供政府和旅遊相關產業制定決策時之參考。

In global view tourism has been regarded as a strong engine to boost the overall economy. In Taiwan, the government has put many tourism policies into practice not only to diversify the country's industries but also to explore the industrial “blue ocean”. Tourism can be divided into three parts including inbound, outbound, and internal sectors. Thus, this dissertation chooses the main tourism income sources of inbound and internal tourists to explore their tourism demand in Taiwan.
In the part of inbound tourism, the relationships between tourism demand and economic growth are analysed both on the national level and an individual source country. The research based on the national level adopts overall inbound tourist arrivals and national output measures to represent inbound tourism development and economic growth, respectively. Besides, a traditional and important source country, Japan, is selected to realize the response of tourist arrivals from Japan to the economic factors of GDP, living cost, and substitute price, based on different travelling purposes. In the part of overall internal tourism, in addition to considering macro-economy, the hotel industry was also added into the national internal tourism model. Three proxy variables of Taiwan’s overall internal tourist arrivals, GDP, and overall tourist hotel revenues are chosen to understand their long-run and causal relationships.
Since it is well known that most economic time series are nonstationary in empirical research, the co-integration test, the Granger causality test, and the generalized impulse response are separately used to understand long-run, causal, and short-run relationships, respectively. About the inbound tourism at the national level, it is found that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between inbound tourism and economic growth, regardless of GDP, GNI, or NDI used to represent economic conditions. In the analysis for the source country of Japan, there are long-run stable relationships among the four variables in each purpose model except the study, but the obvious differences are found in the short-run analyses for different travelling purposes. With respect to the overall internal tourism, all co-integration and causality relationships exist among internal tourism demand, hotel performance, and economic growth, except the causation that overall revenues of tourist hotels cause GDP.
In short, Taiwan’s tourism demand and economic conditions obviously have close relationships no matter in inbound or internal tourism. The results can provide a more comprehensive picture of how Taiwan’s tourism industry and economic development influence each other, as well as a basis for strategy development and policy formulation as the government and industry making decisions.

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