無樁式共享自行車以創新交通服務之方式，克服有樁式共享自行車需由人員調度才得以解決無車可借、無樁可還之問題，但無樁式共享自行車停放不受實體樁位限制，卻延伸出民眾違規停車之問題。然而即使相關單位已對無樁式共享自行車進行罰鍰設計，目前的研究仍未考慮到罰鍰對於民眾在無樁式共享自行車中運具選擇的影響。過去文獻對於共享自行車和公車之間多以營運數據進行比較，較少文獻以旅客之角度探討不同共享自行車系統在都市中，旅客對其之使用偏好，以及和公車之間運具選擇之影響。因此本研究以旅客角度，探討旅客對於不同共享自行車與公車之偏好，並結合客觀屬性變數進一步研究旅客之運具選擇行為。
本研究結合規範活化理論與損失規避心理構面，探討影響旅客使用共享自行車之心理因素。而客觀屬性變數使用個體選擇模式，藉由社會經濟變數以及自行車類型、旅行時間、金錢成本、等待時間以及無樁式違停罰鍰等5種運具屬性，以及假設旅客於不同氣溫和時間壓力之情境，來分析旅客之運具選擇行為。透過ICLV選擇模式將潛在變數納入模式，了解心理因素對於旅客運具選擇行為之影響程度，更深入探討旅客對於共享自行車與公車之運具選擇行為。
研究結果顯示，潛在心理變數中「責任歸屬」以及56歲以上越具「損失規避」心理會影響民眾對無樁式共享自行車的選擇偏好；而在方案屬性變數中以共享自行車之「旅行時間」對民眾而言影響最大。藉由彈性與市佔率分析對共享自行車之「旅行時間」、「金錢成本」以及「無樁式違停罰鍰」進行增減變動下對各方案之選擇機率變化情形。並期望研究結果能提供政府單位及營運業者作參考。

Dockless bike-sharing addresses the uncertainty of bike availability and return stations in docked systems, providing urban residents with a more convenient mobility option. However, it also introduces widespread illegal parking issues. Although many cities have implemented high fines, their influence on users’ illegal parking behavior remains unclear. Since dockless bike-sharing has not yet been widely implemented in urban areas of Taiwan, this study examines how high fine levels may affect travel mode choices among residents in six major metropolitan areas: Taipei, New Taipei, Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung.
Existing research has rarely compared the choice behavior between bike-sharing and buses within urban areas, nor has it extensively incorporated psychological factors. Therefore, this study uses stated preference (SP) data and an Integrated Choice and Latent Variable (ICLV) model to analyze travel behavior, integrating socio-economic variables and psychological constructs to better understand their influence on modal preferences.
The results indicate that “ascription of responsibility” and “loss aversion” among individuals aged 56 and above significantly reduce preferences for dockless bike-sharing. All designed alternative-specific attributes exert significant effects; notably, fines have the strongest impact on individuals without private vehicles, suggesting higher sensitivity to financial penalties.
This study provides relevant insights that can assist government agencies and potential operators in evaluating policy strategies and operational planning for future dockless bike-sharing systems in Taiwan.

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