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研究生: 張博超
Chang, Po-Chao
論文名稱: 連續突縮突擴之明渠水流之研究
The study on the suddenly continuous contracted and expanded cross-section open channel flow.
指導教授: 蔡長泰
Tsai, Chang-Tai
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 水利及海洋工程學系
Department of Hydraulic & Ocean Engineering
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 66
中文關鍵詞: 能量損失下水道突擴突縮
外文關鍵詞: sudden contraction, sudden expansion, sewer, energy loss
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  •   雨水下水道的人孔(或匯流井),如同渠道之短距離內的「連續突擴與突縮段」。本研究旨在經由水理分析及水工試驗研究規則渠道中一系列的連續突擴與突縮段對明渠水流水理現象的影響,以應用於雨水下水道之設計。
      
      由水理分析及水工試驗之結果,分析比較「連續突擴與突縮段」的水深以及所增加的能量損失。可知因斷面突擴導致之連續突擴段的水面上升,對上游水面之迴水影響,將使上游水深高於正常水深,其影響範圍可應用本文所得之突擴水位上升量,經由迴水演算得之。

      「連續突擴與突縮段」之下游,因有流離現象之增強束縮,可導致發生阻塞現象,因而使得下游會有水躍及交波現象,並增加連續突擴突縮段中的水位,也因而增加上游之水深。一系列的「連續突擴與突縮段」渠道,若兩個「連續突擴與突縮段」之間的渠道長度不足,則下游「連續突擴與突縮段」的迴水影響將使上游水深持續增加。對雨水下水道而言,相鄰二人孔(或匯流井)之間,應經由迴水演算決定允許的最短渠道長度,以免因迴水影響導致滿管。

      The manhole (or junction box) in the sewer system is same the suddenly continuous expanded and contracted cross-section in the short distance of channel. In order to design the sewer system, effect on the flow due to a series of the suddenly continuous expanded and contracted cross-section in the prismatic channel is studied by the theoretical analysis and the hydraulic experimentations.

      The backwater effect due to the suddenly expanded cross-section will make upstream depth higher than the normal depth. The hydraulic jump and the cross wave are induced by the separate phenomena on the downstream of the suddenly continuous expanded and contracted cross-section. The depth of both the suddenly continuous contracted and expanded cross-section and the upstream reach also will be increased by the choke due to the separate phenomena.

    摘 要...................................................I 英文摘要.................................................II 誌 謝...................................................III 目 錄...................................................IV 圖目錄...................................................VI 表目錄...................................................VII 照 片...................................................VII 附 錄...................................................VIII 符號說明.................................................IX 第一章 緒言..............................................1 1-1 研究動機與目的.......................................1 1-2 文獻回顧.............................................2 1-3 本文之組織...........................................3 第二章 連續突擴突縮段之明渠水理分析.....................6 2-1 矩形斷面水平渠道段面寬度突變段之動量分析.............6 2-1.1 突擴渠道...........................................7 2-1.2 突縮渠道...........................................7 2-1.3 連續突擴及突縮之水深變化...........................8 2-2 矩形斷面水平渠道寬度突變段之能量分析.................8 2-2.1 能量損頭...........................................8 2-2.2 阻塞現象...........................................9 2-2.3 連續突擴突縮之水深比較.............................10 第三章 試驗室佈置與方法.................................14 3-1 試驗設備.............................................14 3-2 試驗項目.............................................15 3-3 試驗步驟.............................................16 第四章 試驗成果與討論.....................................22 4-1 流場水面概況..........................................22 4-2 阻塞現象與交波現象....................................22 4-3 橫向水面線之比較及討論................................23 4-4 縱向水面線比較與討論..................................23 4-4.1 寬度驟變渠流之水深變化..............................24 4-4.2 渠道突擴及突縮對明渠水深之影響......................25 4-4.3 系列連續突擴突縮段對明渠水深之影響..................25 4-5 能量損失..............................................26 第五章 結論與建議.........................................41 5-1 結論..................................................41 5-2 建議..................................................42 參考文獻..................................................43 附錄一 雨水下水道與涵洞水流...............................45 附錄二 實驗數據...........................................54

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