學習及記憶是一種寶貴的認知能力，學習是指透過外界環境信息而影響自身行為的過程；所謂記憶則是指獲得的信息或經驗在腦內貯存和提取（再現、回憶）的神經作用過程。而大腦在獲得新的資訊如何進行整合仍是神經科學領域未知的謎。在果蠅中，一次性嗅覺聯想食慾訓練會形成許多不同類型的記憶，例如短期記憶(STM)，麻醉敏感（ASM）記憶，抗麻醉性（ARM）記憶和長期記憶(LTM)。本研究透過體內遺傳學和行為實驗表明，也發現ARM的形成需要MB內γ腦區中所合成的新生成蛋白質。初步數據進一步證明自噬作用的激活而非透過蛋白酶體對於ARM的維持非常重要。其次，獲得的信息從γ腦區流向α’β’腦區並在α’β’腦區中形成穩定ARM。另外，假如沒有新生成蛋白質合成的情況下則會驅使γ腦區訊息流往αβ腦區形成主要是包含ASM的中期記憶(MTM)最終趨向LTM。表現出不同型態記憶選擇往不同的神經迴路。總結，此篇研究不只發現嗅覺聯想食慾記憶在神經迴路形成的過程。此外，對於不同型態的記憶更詳細揭露存在兩條平行的神經迴路，提出鞏固嗅覺聯想食慾記憶的新思路。

Learning and memory is a valuable cognitive ability, Learning refers to the process of affecting behavior through external environmental information; Memory refers to the neural process of storing and extracting (reproducing, recalling) information or experience in the brain. However, how the brain integrates information remains as one of the great mysteries in neuroscience.
Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system, one-time associative olfactory appetitive training forms many different types of memory, e.g., short-term memory (STM), anesthesia-sensitive (ASM) memory, anesthesia-resistant (ARM) memory and long-term memory (LTM). Our data, by using in vivo genetics and behavioral experiments, showed that de novo protein synthesis is required in γ neurons to form appetitive ARM. My preliminary data further demonstrated that autophagy activation, but not proteasome activation, is important to maintain ARM. Secondly, the acquired information is transferred from the γ lobe to the α’β’ lobe and stabilized for ARM formation. On the other hand, without the trigger of de novo protein synthesis, information is transferred from the γ lobe to the αβ lobe and stabilized for MTM formation mainly ASM, eventually becoming LTM. Taken together, these results allowed us to reveal the neural circuit mechanism for encoding appetitive stimuli and memory processes. Moreover, we also demonstrated in more detail how the different types of appetitive memories formed and process in two parallel neural circuits, come up with a new idea of the consolidation of olfactory association appetite memory.

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