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研究生: 皮太格
PRIBADI, TEGUH
論文名稱: 印尼地區思覺失調症出院病人自我烙印觀感之調查性研究
Internalized Stigma among Outpatients with Schizophrenia in Indonesia
指導教授: 林靜蘭
Lin, Ching-Lan Esther
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 醫學院 - 護理學系
Department of Nursing
論文出版年: 2016
畢業學年度: 104
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 91
外文關鍵詞: Internalized stigma, schizophrenia, Indonesia.
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  • ABSTRACT
    Background: There are an increasing number of studies of internalized stigma among patients with schizophrenia, but still few coming from low- and middle-income countries. Internalized stigma will negatively influence the mentally ill persons to engage the treatment and the process of illness adaptation and recovery.
    Purpose: To identify levels of internalized stigma among outpatients with schizophrenia in Indonesia and its relationships with demographic, illness and social
    related factors.
    Methods: The correlative study with cross-sectional design was applied to identify the associated factors with internalized stigma. Total of 300 patients recruited using convenience sampling and screening by Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales
    (PSYRATS). The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI) in five domains used to assess the levels of internalized stigma and factors associated. A multiple
    linear regression was used to determine significant predictor.
    Results: The highest levels of internalized stigma in domain of discrimination experience (mean= 2.90); following in social withdrawal (mean= 2.51); stigma resistance (mean= 2.44); alienation (mean= 2.14) and stereotype endorsement (mean= 1.87). Overall reported high internalized stigma 33.30%. The PSYRATS was the only one significant predictor variable.
    Conclusion: The highest internalized stigma in domain discrimination experience and domain social withdrawal. Several significant factors were correlation on internalized stigma and the nurse collaborates with health care providers to encourage patients in their treatment, accept their disease and reduce internalized stigma.
    Keywords: Internalized stigma, schizophrenia, Indonesia.

    CONTENTS APPROVAL SHEET I ABSTRACT II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III TABLE OF CONTENTS IV LIST OF TABLES VII LIST OF FIGURES IX CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background. 1 1.2 Research Purpose. 5 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Schizophrenia. 6 2.2 Stigma. 9 2.3 Measures of Internalized Stigma. 11 2.4 The Factors Associated with Internalized Stigma. 13 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 15 3.1 Research Design and Research Framework. 15 3.2 Participants. 15 3.3 Instruments. 17 3.3.1 Demographic Data. 17 3.3.2 Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI). 18 3.3.3 The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS). 23 3.4 Data Collection Procedure. 26 3.5 Ethical Consideration. 27 3.6 Data Analysis. 27 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS 29 4.1 Participants’ Demographic Characteristics. 29 4.2 Levels of Internalized Stigma and its Domain. 31 4.3 The Differences of Stigma among Demographic Characteristics. 33 4.4 Correlation among Characteristics Variables, PSYRATS and ISMI (each Domain). 41 4.5 Multiple Linear Regression of Demographic Characteristics and PSYRATS on ISMI. 42 CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION 47 5.1 Discussion. 47 5.1.1 Comparing Mean and Levels of ISMI in each Domain among Similar Studies. 47 5.2 The Demographic Characteristic and PSYRATS Associated with Internalized Stigma. 51 5.2.1 PSYRATS Associated with Internalized Stigma. 51 5.2.2 Demographic Characteristic Associated with Internalized Stigma. 52 5.2.3 Illness-Related Factors Associated with Internalized Stigma. 53 5.3 Conclusion. 56 5.4 Clinical implication. 56 5.4.1 Nursing. 57 5.4.2 Family. 58 5.4.3 Psychologist and health experts. 58 5.4.4 Community. 58 5.4.5 Government. 58 5.5 Limitations. 59 5.6 Suggestions. 60 REFERENCES 61 APPENDICES 68 Appendix 1: Author Permit. 68 Appendix 2: Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) Ethical Approval. 71 Appendix 3: Hospital Research Ethics Committee Approval. 72 Appendix 4: Demographic Data in English Version. 73 Appendix 5: Demographic Data in Bahasa Version. 74 Appendix 6: The Original ISMI in English Version. 75 Appendix 7: The ISMI in Bahasa Version. 79 Appendix 8: The Original PSYRATS in English Version. 81 Appendix 9: The PSYRATS in Bahasa Version. 85 Appendix 10: The Training Course (9 hours) for Research Assistant. 89

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