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研究生: 許博淵
Hsu, Po-Yuan
論文名稱: 國家文化差異對工作績效影響之研究 -以高科技業菲籍、泰籍勞工為實證-
The Research Of The Influence Of Cross-Cultural On The Job Performance - The Case On Philippine & Thailand Labor In High-Tech Industry -
指導教授: 李茂雄
Lee, Maw-Shyong
吳宗正
Wu, Chung-Cheng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA)
論文出版年: 2005
畢業學年度: 93
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 128
中文關鍵詞: 國家文化價值觀工作績效工作滿足工作態度生產力外籍勞工
外文關鍵詞: Foreign Labor, Productivity, Cross Culture, Job Performance, Job Satisfaction, Working Attitude
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  •   近年來由於我國高科技產業的蓬勃發展,加上國內人口結構逐漸轉型、國民所得與生活水準提高、教育水準提昇與社會價值觀念的改變等因素之影響,造成高科技產業面臨基層人力缺乏的困境,高科技產業為維持其競爭優勢,對外籍勞工的引進與需求與日俱增。根據政府公佈之資料顯示,外籍勞工在臺人數已超過三十萬人,其中菲律賓籍與泰籍勞工佔高科技電子業外勞人數的86%,是電子業不可或缺之基層勞動人力。但由於外籍勞工具有不同之國家文化、風俗習慣、宗教信仰及價值觀,因此企業在管理上須有「跨文化管理」的觀念。企業必須瞭解組織內外籍勞工的特性及行為,並分析其文化背景與企業所處的環境或組織內文化差異,使外籍勞工的需求目標與企業組織的目標結合成為一致性,進而提高他們的工作績效以增加組織的競爭優勢。基於上述之原因,本研究主要在探討國家文化對工作績效之影響程度,及不同國籍外籍勞工在國家文化價值觀及工作績效上之相關分析,同時亦探討不同的個人變項在國家文化與工作績效上之差異性。
      本研究以新竹科學園區、楠梓加工出口區之上市、櫃高科技電子業菲籍與泰籍勞工為研究範圍與對象。採用滾雪球(Snowball Method)方式抽樣發出問卷,共發出650份問卷,合計回收433份,有效回收問卷為381份(泰籍勞工115份,菲籍勞工266份)。並經由統計套裝軟體SPSS10.0分析,獲得主要結論如下:
    1. 泰籍勞工與菲籍勞工在國家文化價值觀構面上的「權力距離」、「不確定性避免」、「個人主義」等三個因素上,有顯著性的差異,惟在「男性作風」與「長期導向」兩個因素上,無明顯之差異。
    2. 泰籍勞工與菲籍勞工在工作績效構面上之「工作滿意度」、「生產力」及「工作態度」,皆有顯著性之差異,且菲籍勞工皆比泰籍勞工有較高之傾向。
    3. 不同個人變項對於國家文化與工作績效之部份構面因素上,具顯著性差異。
    4. 針對高科技產業外籍勞工而言,權力距離愈高、個人意識愈低,會提昇外籍勞工的外在滿足;權力距離愈高、低自我為導向與同事互動良好有助於提升外籍勞工內在滿足;權力距離、不確定性避免與長期導向愈高,則對生產力與工作態度皆有正面的影響力。

      In recent years, the high-tech industry of our country has been facing shortage of workers in the labor force. This is due to several factors: the booming development of the high-tech industry, the gradual transformation of the domestic population structure, the exaltation of the national income and the living standard, the promotion of the education standard and the change of concept in social values. In order to maintain the competitive advantage, the demand for foreign labor to be admitted grows day by day.
      According to government reports, the number of foreign labor in Taiwan already surpasses three hundred thousand, in which eighty-six percent are from Philippine and Thailand. They are an indispensable manpower for the electronic industry. However, because foreign labor comprises of different national cultures, manners and customs, religious belief and values, enterprises must be able to consider cross-cultural factors in their management. Furthermore, they must be able to understand dispositions and behaviors of foreign labor and the differences between their cultural context, enterprise environment and the organization culture, so that the goals of the labor meets the goals of the enterprises. This would enhance the labors’ work performance and increase the enterprises’ competitive advantage. Because of the reasons listed above, this research seeks to discuss the correlation between culture values of labor from different countries and their actual work performance and the interdependence of the national culture and work performance.
      The range and object of this research is based on the Philippine & Thailand labor of high-tech electronic industries in Hsinchu industrial science centre and Kaohsiung Nanzih Export Processing centre. Using the Snowball Method of sampling, 650 questionnaires are sent out and 433 are replied, in which 381 (115 of Thai & 266 of Philippine) are valid. Through a statistical analysis, we acquire the conclusion as follows:
    1. There is a significant difference between the three dimensions of the national culture- “Power Distance”, “Uncertainty Avoidance” & “Individualism” for Thailand and Philippine labor, but no significant difference between “Masculinity” & “Long-term Orientation”
    2. Based on “Job Performance”, there is a significant difference in “Productivity”, “Job Satisfaction” and “Employee Work Attitudes” between Thailand and Philippine labor.
    3. Different personal variable is significantly related to the factor of the national culture and job performance.
    4. For the foreign labor in high-tech industry, the higher power distance, lower personal consciousness will promote their outer job satisfaction; the higher power distance, lower self-direction and a better interaction with colleagues will promote their inner satisfaction. The higher power distance, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation has significant positive correlation to productivity and employee work attitudes.

    摘要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ 致謝辭……………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ 目錄………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ 表目錄……………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ 圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………XI 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………1 第一節 研究背景與研究動機…………………………………………………1 第二節 研究目的………………………………………………………………3 第三節 研究範圍………………………………………………………………4 第四節 研究流程………………………………………………………………4 第二章 文獻探討………………………………………………………………7 第一節 外籍勞工………………………………………………………………7 第二節 國家文化價值觀………………………………………………………14 第三節 國家文化構面之研究…………………………………………………16 第四節 國家文化價值觀之實證研究…………………………………………23 第五節 外籍勞工之實證研究…………………………………………………25 第六節 工作績效………………………………………………………………26 第七節 生產力、工作滿意度、工作態度……………………………………30 第八節 各構面因素之間相關實證研究………………………………………33 第三章 研究方法………………………………………………………………35 第一節 研究架構………………………………………………………………35 第二節 研究變數與操作性定義………………………………………………36 第三節 研究工具………………………………………………………………39 第四節 研究對象與抽樣方法…………………………………………………41 第五節 資料分析方法…………………………………………………………41 第四章 資料分析與討論………………………………………………………46 第一節 樣本結構分析…………………………………………………………46 第二節 樣本代表性及信效度分析……………………………………………49 第三節 述性統計分析…………………………………………………………52 第四節 因素分析………………………………………………………………61 第五節 差異性分析……………………………………………………………66 第六節 各構面因素之相關分析………………………………………………81 第七節 迴歸分析………………………………………………………………84 第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………97 第一節 研究結論………………………………………………………………97 第二節 對實務界之建議………………………………………………………103 第三節 對後續研究建議………………………………………………………105 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………106 附錄一 附表………………………………………………………………………115 附錄二 正式問卷…………………………………………………………………117

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