由於運輸服務具尖離峰之特性，當尖離峰之旅運量差距過大，會有供需不平衡之現象，造成尖峰時段載運量供不應求，導致車廂內擁擠、服務水準下降；而離峰時段供過於求，供給未能有效運用。為解決尖離峰特性造成的供需不平衡現象，可採取時間差別定價，在離峰時段提供優惠票使部分尖峰時段需求移轉至離峰時段。近年來，鐵路產業陸續引進會員制度，透過會員制度能有效掌握旅客特性，而提供會員離峰優惠票能有助於改善尖離峰特性，除此之外亦能吸引旅客加入會員。
目前沒有相關研究把提供優惠票後需求移轉的現象納入座位配置模型中，因此本研究針對不同旅客特性分群，將提供會員離峰優惠票後產生的移轉需求現象加入座位配置模型中，由於針對旅客特性分群時可能會有誤差，故本研究亦考量到不確定性。除此之外，不同旅客群有不同選擇行為，因此選擇行為亦為座位配置之考量。
由於本研究為多目標問題，故採取NSGA-II求解座位配置，並以蒙地卡羅模擬需求產生。本研究設計不同情境，模擬不同情境下的預期總營收與乘載率，以比較不同情境中座位配置之表現。根據情境模擬之結果，透過提供離峰優惠票能有效改善尖離峰特性，但若提供之優惠折扣較大，則在營收方面則可能有負面影響。而考量不確定性與選擇行為能有效提升乘載率與總營收。最後本研究亦加入公平性，並求出一組權衡解，使鐵路營運者能在公平性與營收中選擇適當方案。

Transportation has characteristic of peak time and off-peak time. In order to solve unbalanced supply-demand resulted by characteristic of peak time and off-peak time, we can adopt to make price at different time. In recent years, railway industry launches membership system. Membership system can not only help railway companies know characteristic of passengers, but also provides off-peak discount tickets to improve characteristic of peak time and off-peak time. Our study adds different pricing at peak time and off-peak time strategy into seat allocation model. In the meanwhile, we use NSGA-II to solve seat allocation problem. In the scenario analysis, we know that providing off-peak discount tickets can help to effectively improve characteristic of peak time and off-peak time. However, more discount might be harmful for revenue. Besides, we also consider uncertainty of proportion of price sensitive passengers and choice behavior. In this way, we find out load factor and total revenue are greatly higher. Finally, our research also considers fairness to find a set of balanced solution. Based on that, railway companies can choose appropriate plan considering fairness and maximum revenue.

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