微奈米蝕刻技術是一種現行且直接的方法，可以將金薄膜表面粗糙化進而應用於表面增顯拉曼散射光譜。然而，利用此技術來製作具有較深的稜角之圖形表面，其步驟繁複、難以控制且此製程並不環保。因此，本研究將採用一種簡單的物理性的奈米壓痕技術，可以在金薄膜表面製作出三角錐的奈米結構，同時且具有在製程中避免化學殘留污染物之優勢。整齊排列的奈米壓痕金孔洞陣列(nAu)具有客製化之功能性表面，可調控成高密度孔洞陣列、自訂的壓痕深度以及在一個奈米結構中產生多個稜角，以此技術製作之nAu將可應用於作為表面增顯拉曼散射之檢測基板。
在檢測單分子層2-巰基-5-硝基苯甲酸(NTB)的研究中，選擇不同的雷射波長以檢測化學吸附於nAu 表面之NTB分子(NTB/nAu)，其結果顯示：633奈米波長之氦氖雷射具有最佳之增顯效果。藉由計算nAu之幾何性質並利用nAu所增加的表面積作為化學吸附NTB分子數量之函數交互比對可衡量出此系統之化學與電磁效應。然而，幾何性質中的壓痕深度因子相較於壓痕間距因子更為重要。利用標準方程式可計算出此系統中nAu基板之增顯係數為2.10 × 10E6。
在檢測極低濃度之分子探針的研究中，兩種具拉曼活性分子探針溶液分別以化學吸附鍵結與物理吸附靠近的方式於nAu基板上其性質可以被區分出來。使用最佳化之nAu基板檢測5,5’-二硫基-雙(2-硝基苯甲酸)(DTNB)分子，在檢測濃度1.0 × 10E-23 ~ 3.2 × 10E-22莫耳範圍內，拉曼強度與分子數量呈現蘭慕爾(Langmuir)吸附曲線關係。其原因主要來自第一層效應NTB/nAu的產生，使其誘發而結合電磁和化學效應所造成的結果。以同一最佳之nAu並在相同濃度範圍之下檢測羅丹明6G (R6G)，其拉曼強度呈現近乎線性函數關係。此系統中以最佳nAu基板所檢測之DTNB與R6G溶液其增顯係數分別為2.06 × 10E8和5.85 × 10E7。
在檢測腦心肌炎病毒、腺病毒與A型流感病毒的研究中，nAu基板能夠使大小相符之病毒標的陷入奈米孔洞中，再藉由nAu基板中的稜角與孔洞使其產生表面增顯拉曼散射。透過nAu基板所誘發的電磁效應不同的病毒可以藉由表面胺基酸訊號而區分出來。同時，若以病毒的大小與nAu基板的壓痕深度進行配對檢測則可區分出最佳的表面增顯拉曼峰值訊號與強度。研究結果顯示：腦心肌炎病毒與腺病毒之檢測濃度可以降低至10E6 PFU/ml，而A型流感病毒之檢測濃度可以降低至10E4 PFU/ml，同時，nAu基板在病毒檢測研究中與其濃度無關，故較適合用於病毒之定性檢測。
基於基礎與應用性之研究，其結果顯示：nAu基板是非常有前景且具有很大的潛力應用於檢測工具，特別適用於快速篩檢極少量的拉曼活性分子探針以及病毒。

Micro/nano-lithographic techniques are usually employed as a straightforward process for roughening a thin-film Au surface for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, a topographical pattern with deepened edges is difficult to control in a rapid and environmentally-friendly way. In this study, a simple physical procedure with the advantage of preventing samples from chemical or residual contaminations is proposed for tailoring a thin-film Au surface with triangular nanostructures using nanoindentation technique. Well-ordered nano-indented Au-cavities array (nAu) is tailored as a functional surface with high density tip-to-tip cavities, adjustable indentation depths, and a number of edges within the nanostructures. The as-fabricated nAu were structured as a characterization substrate for SERS.
In the study of detecting 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid (NTB) monolayer, NTB molecules chemically adsorbed upon nAu (NTB/nAu) samples were examined by the change of laser wavelength. A He-Ne laser with a wavelength of 633 nm exhibited sensitivity to Raman-active groups in NTB/Au. By calculating the geometries of nAu and the increase of the surface area as a function of the concentration of chemically adsorbed NTB, a combined chemical (CHEM) and electromagnetic (EM) effect can be estimated. The factor correlated with the indentation depth (Dv) of nAu is much more significant than that correlated with the tip-to-tip displacement. Based on the standard equation, a specific nAu sample exhibited a strong SERS effect and its enhancement factor (EF) was reached to 2.10 × 10E6.
In the study of detecting very small quantity of molecular probes, two types of Raman-active molecular probe solutions chemically adsorbed upon or physically adsorbed nearby the nAu can be well distinguished. Based on the utilization of the optimized nAu sample #6 as SERS-active substrate, Raman intensity with respect to the quantity of 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) molecules exhibits a Langmuir adsorption relationship within the range of 1.0 × 10E-23 to 3.2 × 10E-22 mole. The first-layer NTB/nAu is anticipated to be formed to contribute to SERS effect, mainly induced by the combined EM and CHEM effects. For Rhodamine 6G (R6G) solution within the equivalent nAu and the identical range, the relationship exhibits nearly linear. SERS EFs for sensing DTNB and R6G solutions within a specific nAu can be reached to 2.06 × 10E8 and 5.85 × 10E7, respectively.
In the study of detecting encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), adenovirus, and influenza A virus, the nAu substrate is competent to entrap size-comparable target virus into nano-cavities, which as one, exerts its activity to form surface-enhanced Raman scattering particularly by the edges and cavities of the substrate. Through the induction of the EM effect by the substrate, the virus can be distinguished from the amino acids on its surface. The SERS peak intensities from each of the viruses was significantly enhanced, which are distinguishable and corresponding to the size and dimensions of virus with respect to Dv of the nAu. In this work, the detection concentration for EMCV or adenovirus can be reduced to 10E6 PFU/ml, and that for influenza A virus can be reduced to 10E4 PFU/ml. As well, the nAu samples are appropriate for a qualitative determination of virus and are relatively independent of virus concentration.
Base on the fundamental and application study, the results show that the nAu samples are very promising and have high potential as a characterization tool for fast-screening detection of very small quantity of Raman-active molecular probes or target viruses.

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