適地性服務利用從使用者的裝置取得的地理位置資訊來推送相關的服務及內容透過無線動網路給使用者。行動社群網路是一種應用程式或服務來建立虛擬社群及提供多樣化的內容給使用者，並且讓使用者可以透過行動裝置加入任何由其他行動使用者所建立的社群。此論文提出一個系統 (K-MING) 並以行動社群網路為中心的群體適地性旅遊導覽系統的概念來分享鄰近的景點資訊。行動社群網路的建立者及一些有3G/3.5G/4G行動網路服務的行動使用者被選為領導並開啟行動裝置上的熱點功能然後當行動代理者的角色，之後剩餘沒開啟Wi Fi熱點功能的使用者可以透過與行動代理者的熱點連線來加入相對應的群組。每個群組的領導透過行動網路下載適地性景點資訊並透過Wi Fi熱點傳送並分享這些資訊給該群組底下的成員。由於行動使用者們會隨機地移動，所以可能會離開他們目前的群組然後移動到其他群組；因此，此論文提出一個換手機制讓每位使用者換手到其他群組。為了從候選領導中選出適合的領導並換手過去，此系統也考慮了剩餘電量及3G/3.5G/4G行動網路頻寬。根據實驗測試結果顯示此論文提出的機制有著較好的效能相較於獨立式旅遊的情境。

Location-Based Service (LBS) utilizes the geo information sensed from users’ handheld devices to push related services or contents to users’ handheld devices through the wireless mobile networks. Mobile Social Networks (MSNs) is an application or system that creates virtual communities and provides various contents among mobile users. Mobile users can join any community that is created by other mobile users using any mobile device. This work adopts an MSN-centric group-based LBS touring service concept to share neighboring Point Of Interests’ (POIs’) information among mobile users belonging to the MSN. The proposed system allows a mobile user to create an MSN such that other mobile users can join. Then, some members, including the MSN creator, that have the 3G/3.5G/4G cellular network services are selected as group leaders to enable their Wi Fi hot spot functions to play the role of mobile proxies. After that, each one of the other MSN members can join one of the groups by connecting with the corresponding group leader’s Wi Fi hot spot. Thereafter, each group leader downloads LBS-based POIs’ data using its 3G/3.5G/4G cellular network interface and then share the downloaded POIs’ data with its group members, which is done by forwarding these data through its Wi Fi hot spot. Since mobile users may move randomly such that they may leave theirs current group leader and move toward the other group leader, this work proposed a handoff mechanism such that each mobile user is allowed to handoff to the other group. Since the current handheld device only allows a limited number of handheld devices to connect with its Wi Fi hot spot at the same time, it is not so straightforward to tackle the handoff issue. In order to get the suitable group leader from some candidate group leaders to handoff, other factors may also need to be considered, e.g., the remaining power of the candidate group leaders. This work proposed a K-member-limited Msn-based INter Group handoff scheme called K-MING to tackle the aforementioned problems to have the MSN-centric group LBS data sharing. The performance analysis results show that the proposed K-MING scheme for the group touring scenario has better performance for the sharing of LBS-based POIs’ data downloading in terms of average power consumption and average downloaded data volume from 3G/3.5G/4G cellular network than that of the individual touring scenario.

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