論文題目 : 竹纖維黏彈行為之探討
研 究 生 : 施宗廷
指導教授 : 楊文彬
本研究主旨為探討竹纖維的黏彈行為。內容分為四個部分，第一部分為量測竹纖維的物理和機械性質，觀測竹纖維在鹼處理過程前後，以及在不同溫、溼度條件下的性質變化；第二部分為竹纖維潛變性質的量測，以負載固定為原則，觀測應變隨時間的變化；第三部分為竹纖維鬆弛性質的探討，以應變固定為原則，觀測應力隨時間的變化，試驗變動條件為環境溫度與含水量；第四部份為建構出擬合潛變與鬆弛曲線的數學關係式。試驗結果顯示，竹纖維經鹼處理後，截面積與等效直徑呈現下降。降伏與拉伸強度隨溫度、含水量提高而減弱，伸長率則呈正相關。潛變行為方面，初始階段應變隨時間增加，應變率遞減；第二階段，應變隨時間穩定增長，應變率趨於固定；第三階段應變急遽上升終至斷裂，固定負載為25N，潛變時長40-60分，斷裂應變約0.7%-0.8%。鬆弛行為方面，固定應變過大會有殘留應力產生。有含水的竹纖維其鬆弛速率會加快。溫度越高，鬆弛速率提高且幅度擴大，原因為濕熱環境下，結構彈性下降且滑動性提升，黏性成分作用增加，更易產生鬆弛。數學擬合方面，潛變曲線擬合僅包含初始及第二階段潛變區間，能大致呈現實際潛變趨勢。鬆弛曲線擬合方面，在小應變下，與實驗值偏差較小，能初步呈現實際鬆弛趨勢。而鬆弛模型亦能大致擬合實際潛變趨勢，說明潛變與鬆弛性質乃一體兩面，兩者可相互統合。

The aim of this study is to investigate the viscoelastic behavior of bamboo fiber. Bamboo fibers were extracted mechanically and manually, and then undergone alkali treatment. At first stage, the physical properties, such as cross section, and the mechanical properties, such as yield strength and tensile strength, were measured. The cross section of bamboo fiber is smaller after alkali treatment. As moisture content or temperature increases, the yield strength and tensile strength both decrease. At the second stage, the creep test of wet bamboo fiber was conducted. Results show that the strain creep curve can be divided into three parts. In primary creep phase, strain increases at a decreasing rate. The secondary phase exhibits a linear relationship between the strain and time, also called steady-state creep. The tertiary stage is the stage in which strain response almost increases exponentially, resulting in the failure of the fiber. In creep test, the applied force was maintained at 25 N, and the fracture strain is about 0.7%-0.8%. In relaxation test, the strain was maintained constant, and the reaction force was measured. The ambient temperature and moisture content were the controlled variables. The relaxation results show that, in the wet or high temperature conditions, the relaxation rate is faster than that in dry or room temperature conditions. As the temperature rises, the elasticity in fiber structure declines, the fluidity increases, and the effect of viscous component increases. Therefore, the stress is easier to relax. About mathematical fitting model, the fitting in creep curve only includes primary and secondary phases, and the fitted curve can roughly show the creep variation. For the fitted relaxation curve, it's found that deviation is lower under the small strain. Fitted relaxation curves can preliminarily present actual stress relaxation tendency.

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