| 研究生: |
游立源 You, Li-Yuan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
木構材塗布防火漆對炭化率影響之研究 A Study on How the Charring Rate of Wooden Structure Influenced by Fire-proofing Coating |
| 指導教授: |
曾俊達
Tzeng, Chun-Ta |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture |
| 論文出版年: | 2013 |
| 畢業學年度: | 101 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 146 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 木構材 、防火漆 、防火維護 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | wooden materials, fire-retardant paint, fireproofing maintenance |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:185 下載:6 |
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國內外針對木構材的炭化率因子與燃燒溫度等已有多方研究,並有許多關於炭化深度預估模式,用來計算木構材所需預留面積以達安全設計,然而臺灣地區每年新建木構造遠低於既存的構造,當前臺灣地區列為古蹟及歷史建築者約有67%以上屬木構造或混木構造,一般除非有詳細建築圖面否則難以現場判斷是否原設計有採防火斷面設計,隨著使用時間增加如果沒有定期的保養,木構材本身陳腐化等影響以致木材表面產生劣化,或經由結構補強後對表面炭化預留層可能造成破壞,因此雖針對結構性能修補,但於防火性能上仍有疑慮。
本研究以彙整國內常用防火漆應用於木構材防火維護的可能性,檢討應用後對木構材炭化率影響程度,主要目的為1.探討可應用於木構材的防火漆種類以及原理2.實驗比較應用防火漆對木構材炭化率影響程度。本實驗計畫安排以福州杉與雲杉兩種樹種為主要試驗樹種,防火漆分為A類油性防火漆與B類水性防火漆,爐溫加熱方式採CNS12514升溫曲線加熱30分鐘、45分鐘與60分鐘,各類型重複三次共36組試體,試驗流程先將木材靜置於室內氣乾至含水率降於合理的範圍,分批塗布防火漆養護至漆膜乾燥後,包覆陶瓷岩棉保護未受測面以免影響主受測面,進行炭化試驗,並於最後去除炭體量測炭化深度。
研究結果證實採用國內通過CNS規範之木構材耐燃二級透明防火漆,雖於加熱溫度與相關受測規範需求異於防火時效規範,然而耐燃二級防火漆仍具備其效用以減緩木構材炭化率,茲將實驗結果整理如下:1.木構材塗布防火漆後能有效減緩炭化深度,其減緩比例介於27.7%~82.8%之間。2.木構材樹種以雲杉塗布防火漆效果較杉木(福州杉)佳。3. 杉木經塗布防火漆後,於30分鐘A類油性防火漆減緩46.6%、B類水性防火漆減緩74.7%;45分鐘A類油性防火漆減緩35.1%、B類油性防火漆減緩42.5%;60分鐘A類油性防火漆減緩27.7%、B類水性防火漆減緩38.1%。4.雲杉經塗布防火漆後,30分鐘A類油性防火漆減緩57.8%、B類水性防火漆減緩82.8%;於45分鐘A類油性防火漆減緩達43.9%、B類水性防火漆減緩64.2%;60分鐘A類油性防火漆減緩34%、B類的水性的防火漆減緩54.5%。
There are multiple studies on the charring rate factor and combustion temperature of wooden materials at home and abroad, and there are many estimation models on carbonation depth used to calculate the necessary reserve area of wooden materials to achieve safe design. However, wooden construction built every year in Taiwan is much fewer than the existing construction, and about more than 67% of the current monuments and historical buildings in Taiwan belong to wood construction or mixed wood construction. Generally, it’s difficult to judge whether the original design adopts fireproofing surface design unless there is a detailed architectural drawing. Wooden materials decompose with time of use increasing without regular maintenance so that wood surface deteriorates, or the reserve layer for surface charring may also cause damage through structural reinforcement. Therefore, there are still doubts on fire prevention in spite of the repair of structural performance.
This study compiled the possibility of fire-retardant paint commonly applied to the fireproofing maintenance of wooden materials to review the degree of effect on the charring rate of wooden materials after application. The primary purposes are studying the types and principle of fire-retardant paint applied to wooden materials and comparing the degree of effect on the charring rate of wooden materials by using fire-retardant paint through experiments. The experimental plan took China fir and spruce as the main test trees; fire-retardant paints were divided into Class A “oily fire-retardant paint” and Class B “aqueous fire-retardant paint”; furnace heating adopted CNS12514 temperature curve and heated them for 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes; each type repeated for three times with a total of 36 groups of specimens. The test process first placed the wood indoors till the moisture content fell down to a reasonable range and the air was dry, coated fire-retardant paint in turn for maintenance till the paint film dried, coated ceramic wool to protect the untested surface from affecting the main untested surface, conducted charring tests and finally removed charcoal body and measured the depth.
The study findings confirmed that although the heating temperature and related test specification requirements of secondary flameproof transparent fire-retardant paint for wooden materials that has passed CNS specification are different from fire rating specification, secondary flameproof transparent fire-retardant paint still has the effect to slow the charring rate of wooden materials. The experimental results are organized as follows: 1. fire-retardant coating on wooden materials can effectively slow down the charring depth, with slowing ratios being between 82.8% ~ 27.7%. 2. the effect of fire-retardant coating on spruce is better than that on China fir in terms of wooden species. 3. China fir coated with fire-retardant paint for 30 minutes slowed by 46.6% on Class A “oily fire-retardant paint” and 74.7% on Class B “aqueous fire-retardant paint”; that for 45 minutes slowed by 35.1% on Class A “oily fire-retardant paint” and 42.5% on Class B “aqueous fire-retardant paint”; that for 60 minutes slowed by 27.7% on Class A “oily fire-retardant paint” and 38.1% on Class B “aqueous fire-retardant paint”. 4. spruce coated with fire-retardant paint for 30 minutes slowed by 57.8% on Class A “oily fire-retardant paint” and 82.8% on Class B “aqueous fire-retardant paint”; that for 45 minutes slowed by 43.9% on Class A “oily fire-retardant paint” and 64.2% on Class B “aqueous fire-retardant paint”; that for 60 minutes slowed by 34% on Class A “oily fire-retardant paint” and 54.5% on Class B “aqueous fire-retardant paint”.
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【日文資料】
J01:独立行政法人,日本森林総合研究所,http://ss.ffpri.affrc.go.jp。
【英文資料】
E01:Levan, S. L. (1984)Chemistry of fire retardant. In the chemistry ofsolid wood(R. M. Rowell, et al)Adv. Chem. Ser. 207, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC, U.S.A.