本論文主要分為三個研究主題:第一個部分是探討氧化矽球經由實心球狀轉變成空心球狀的機制及相關應用。第二個部分是利用簡易快速的鹼式合成法，合成高表面積中孔洞碳材和測試其電化學行為。第三個部分是以廢棄的稻殼利用簡單的處理方法，從其中取出高表面積的孔洞氧化矽材料及應用。
第一部分:以明膠為模板合成中空球狀氧化矽材料及應用
本實驗利用毒性低且對環境汙染程度低的有機模板-明膠，利用其具有胺基等可擁有氫鍵結合的官能基，在適當條件下加入矽酸鈉合成有機無機混合材料，在不同pH值下觀察水熱天數和溫度對此材料性質的影響，進而探討由實心球狀轉變成中空球狀的機制。因中孔洞氧化矽材料具有高表面積、熱穩定性高及孔洞大小可調整等優點，可應用再催化反應及固態模板等方面。另外在醫學上可將此材料吸附藥物，利用此材料受電子束激發放光的特性，可應用於藥物追蹤。
第二部分:以鹼式合成法合成中孔洞碳材及其電化學應用
本實驗利用酚醛樹脂可以溶在鹼性環境下，與有機模板混摻後，在適當條件下加入矽酸鈉合成有機無機混合材料，經由碳化、移除氧化矽，即可得到高表面積中孔洞碳材。中孔洞碳材具有高表面積與大的孔洞體積等優點，可應用在吸附劑、固態模板、催化擔體及電極材料等。在這裡主要利用中孔洞碳材作為超級電容器的電極材料，利用循環伏安法測試其電容行為。
第三部分:廢棄稻殼再利用技術
稻殼屬於亞洲地區大宗農業廢棄物，除了少部份用以堆肥外，大部份皆置於田野間焚燒，造成污染。因此，基於環境保護方面及廢棄物回收再利用兩大方向，善用稻殼中的有機或無機化合物做為高價值的工業原料，為具有發展潛力的研究領域。因此在本實驗中將稻殼放入酸性的水溶液中，利用簡單的常壓水熱法取出高表面積的氧化矽，並擔載不同比例氧化銅進行應用。

This thesis is mainly divided into three research topics. The first part is to explore the formation mechanism and applications of the mesoporous silica hollow particles templated with a biopolymer gelatin. The second part is focused on the investigation of the electrochemical behavior of the mesoporous carbons synthesized via a simple basic synthesis method, which have larger surface areas but different pore sizes. In third part, the treatment methods on the rice husks to get mesoporous silicas with larger surface areas and the applications of these mesoporous silicas in PH3 adsorption were studied.
Part I. Synthesis of mesoporous silica hollow particles by using gelatin as template and its applications
The as-synthesized gelatin-silica hybrid materials prepared by using sodium silicate as silica source and a low toxic and environment-friendly of organic template, gelatin, were hydrothermally treated under different conditions to explore the formation mechanism of the mesoporous silica hollow spheres. At pH values = 5.0 – 9.0, the gelatin-silica solid particles would gradually transform into hollow ones because of the repulsion interactions between the negatively-charged silica surface and partially negatively-charged gelatin. While at pH less than 5.0, the hydrogen-bonding interactions still exist between the silica and gelatin to reduce the morphology transformation. In addition, hydrothermal temperatures, and reaction time can also have effect on the solid to hollow transformation rate. Owing to the lager surface area and pores size, higher thermal stability, and hollow interiors, these mesoporous silica hollow spheres not only can be used as catalyst supporters and as solid template application but also can applied in drug-release systems for tracer agents in the medical science based on their light-emitting characteristics.
Part II. Electrochemical application of mesoporous carbons via a basic synthetic procedure
To synthesize the mesoporous carbons of high surface area and tunable pore size, we proposed a novel polymer-blending template of carbonizable phenol formaldehyde and gelatin. The mesoporous carbons can be conveniently obtained from fast silicification, hydrothermal treatment, pyrolysis and silica removal of a basic PF-gelatin silicate solution. Due to the large pore size (> 10 nm), high surface area, good electronic conductivity, 3D highly open structure, the mesoporous carbons demonstrates the rectangular-like shape of all i-E curves measured from 100 to 3000 mV s1 in 4 M H2SO4 that reveals the excellent capacitive performances. The mesoporous carbons electrode exhibits only about 30% loss when the scan rate is varied from 100 to 3000 mV s1 In contrast to the mesoporous silica of smaller pore size (< 5.0 nm), the capacitance retention is less than 40% at scanning rate of 3000 mVs-1. These perfect capacitive performances confirm the promising applicability of these novel mesoporous carbons for supercapacitors of ultrahigh power.
Part III. Reuse technology of the abundant the rice husk
The rice husk belongs to a great agriculture wastes in the Asian. Besides the few parts used as the fertilizer, most parts were directly burned that causes an air-pollution issue. Therefore, this is a potential research field by using organic-silica hybrid composites of the rice husk as a high value raw material for industry based on the environmental protection aspect and the waste reuse. In our work, mesoporous silicas with high large surface areas and pore size were obtained from a treatment on rice husks in acid aqueous solution at room temperature and 100oC. Moreover, the mesoporous silicas grafted with different copper oxide contents can be used as a high-performance absorbent of PH3 toxic gas.

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