本研究由PenPan V2 Model與PenPan V3 Model中的空氣動力學與能量平衡理論，分析臺灣十一個測站的A型及20公分蒸發皿的蒸發量機制與組成比例。結果顯示，空氣動力及輻射對蒸發的影響，A型蒸發皿為23%與77%，20公分蒸發皿為26%與74%；邊壁效應及自由水面蒸發量的占比，A型蒸發皿為為29%與71%，20公分蒸發皿為57%與43%。透過兩型皿的月蒸發量與邊壁效應影響比例之線性回歸關係，推估得到自由水面蒸發量，並建立簡化之轉換公式，A型皿及20公分皿之觀測蒸發量，分別乘以0.73及0.54可得自由水面蒸發量。本研究進一步使用推估的自由水面蒸發量，結合全天空日射量及氣溫，依測站分區組合建立區域化自由水面蒸發公式，並應用於台灣自由水面蒸發量網格化建模，建置各月份自由水面蒸發量網格化空間地圖。由結果得知，臺灣蒸發量具有顯著的空間與季節變化，整體呈現南高北低之分布型態；南部地區全年蒸發量維持較高；北部在不同季節的蒸發量差異明顯；東部地區呈現夏季高、其餘季節南北差異明顯的特徵，而外島地區因地形平坦、雲量較少與日射充足，整體蒸發量偏高。

This study investigated the evaporation mechanisms of the Class A evaporation pan and the 20-cm evaporation pan in Taiwan and developed a spatial mapping approach for free water evaporation. Evaporation data from 11 meteorological stations were analyzed using PenPan V2 Model and PenPan V3 Model, which are based on aerodynamic and energy balance theories. The results showed that radiation was the dominant contributor to pan evaporation. For the Class A pan, the aerodynamic and radiation components accounted for approximately 23% and 77% of evaporation, respectively. For the 20-cm pan, the corresponding proportions were approximately 26% and 74%.The analysis further showed that the side wall effect accounted for approximately 29% of the Class A evaporation pan and 57% of the 20-cm evaporation pan. Accordingly, free water evaporation accounted for approximately 71% and 43% of the evaporation observed from the Class A pan and the 20-cm pan, respectively. Pan evaporation and the estimated side wall effect were used to derive free water evaporation. Regression equations based on solar radiation and air temperature were then developed for regional estimation and applied to construct gridded maps of free water evaporation in Taiwan.

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