近年來，藍綠菌形成的藻華現象在世界各地造成許多公共衛生上的威脅，因此，對於造成藻華的藍綠菌群落結構的偵測，特別針對是有產毒能力藍綠菌，將有助於湖泊或水庫的經營管理。在此實驗中，我們使用hierarchical oligonucleotide primer extension (HOPE) 此一新的分子生物技術來探討在台灣水庫中常見形成藻華藍綠菌的相對比例。在HOPE實驗中，我們針對Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Planktothrix, Nodularia, and Anabaena /Aphanizomonen設計了五個專一性引子，及一個廣泛性引子來偵測彼此間的相對比例。實驗結果顯示C. raciborskii存在於所有測試樣本中，其結果與顯微鏡觀察相符合。為了進一步探討台灣水庫中C. raciborskii族群的基因多樣性，我們建構仁義潭及太湖樣本的16S-23S ITS gene序列的分子選殖資料庫，經由與NCBI資料庫的序列做親緣關係分析，結果顯示這些16S-23S ITS gene序列可以進一步分成兩型，一型序列與歐洲分離出來的C.raciborskii有高度相似性 (EU type)，另一型則獨立於目前已知C. raciborskii的分離株 (TW type)。藉由HOPE技術進一步分析這兩群C. raciborskii在仁義潭及太湖中所佔的相對比例，發現在太湖中TW type為優勢群，而在仁義潭樣本中，TW type 與 EU type 則較均質性的分佈。此結果與qPCR的驗證有一致性的結果，因此可以證明HOPE對於探討藍綠菌群落結構是一個快速又具有專一性的的分子方法。

Cyanobacteria blooms has been a public health threat all over the world, thus, it is necessary to clarify the community structure, especially those toxin-producing cyanobacteria prior to further water quality management. Here, we introduced a new method termed hierarchical oligonucleotide primer extension (HOPE) to determine the relative abundance of predominant cyanobacteria present in Taiwan reservoirs. Six primers, including one universal primer and five groups (Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Planktothrix, Nodularia, and Anabaena /Aphanizomonen) of specific primers targeting to 16S rRNA gene were designed to apply to HOPE reaction. Results showed that C. raciborskii appeared in all our sampling reservoirs which in agreement on what our microscopic observation revealing that HOPE can correctly detect the target cyanobacteria. Furthermore, we were interesting the genetic diversity of C. raciborskii in Taiwan reservoirs, and it was discriminated by two 16S-23S ITS sequences clone libraries of Taihu and Renyi. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these cloning sequences can be further classified into two distinct types. One was closely related to the strains isolated from European continent (EU type), while the other designated as TW type was separated from any identified strains so far. The relative abundance of these two types C. rabiborskii was further determined by HOPE. In this study, we report that the TW type is dominant in reservoir Taihu whereas the TW type and the EU type are present evenly in reservoir Renyi. The relative abundance of these two types specific C. rabiborskii detected by HOPE is in great agreement with the results analyzed by qPCR, revealing that HOPE can be rapidly and specifically determined the relative abundance of organismal compositions in a cyanobacteria community.

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