本研究以混摻高分子為模板合成出高表面積之碳中空球，將硫導入碳球內部後再以聚苯胺披覆於硫/碳中空球表面，最後進行熱處理得到聚苯胺披覆硫/碳中空球複合材料。經由掃描式與穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察其結構與外觀，再以氮氣等溫吸附/脫附測量材料表面積與孔洞性質，證實硫的填入與聚苯胺的披覆都有成功達到。藉由固態核磁共振光譜、顯微拉曼光譜及傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜鑑定聚苯胺與硫在熱處理後發生反應與鍵結，並由X光繞射儀與微差式掃描熱卡計之圖譜分析硫的結晶性與熱性質變化，可以證明硫與聚苯胺反應導致硫的性質改變。在電池測試方面，以循環伏安法測試得知硫型態的改變使電化學氧化還原反應改變，在放電過程中少了多硫化物形成的訊號，藉此改善鋰硫電池之循環壽命。以1 C充放電測試可以達到300圈循環，庫倫效率接近100 %且電容維持率為良好的88 %，在0.1 C慢速充放電下可達到900 mA h g-1以上的高電容，而在10 C快速充放電下可以維持530 mA h g-1，這是一般鋰硫電池達不到的效能，表示本研究之材料擁有良好的穩定性與可逆性。此外，本實驗材料可以在與鋰硫電池完全不相容的電解液系統中進行充放電，是本研究中的一大特色。

This study synthesized a sulfur-impregnated mesoporous hollow carbon sphere composite (S/MHC). Aniline was then polymerized on the surface of the S/MHC composite to prepare a P/S/MHC composite, which was heated to prepare a h-P/S/MHC composite for high-rate rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries that possessed superior cyclability. The scanning electron microscopy images and N2 adsorption and desorption curves proved the existence of sulfur in the S/C as well as the polyaniline covering the S/MHC surface. The electrochemical properties of the h-P/S/MHC cathode were evaluated using galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling, cyclic voltammograms, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the reversible capacity of the h-P/S/MHC composite was approximately 1000 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C. Moreover, a competitive capacity of approximately 500 mAh g-1 was obtained at measurements as high as 10 C. The superior performance of the h-P/S/MHC was attributed to the introduction of the mesoporous hollow carbon sphere (MHC). The MHC in the composite materials functioned as a three-dimensional nano-current collector, meaning that it could act not only as an electronically-conductive matrix, but also as a framework to hinder sulfur particle agglomeration and growth. Furthermore, a cycle stability test showed that capacity retention after the 300th cycle was as high as 90%, with a coulombic efficiency of 99.9%, because the polyaniline covering layer avoids the polysulfide dissolution into electrolytes.

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