本研究乃第一篇深入研究獨中留級及留級生復原力之資料。具體而言，本研究探討留級逆境之危機因子如何影響獨中留級生，並探究他們之保護因子如何協助其於逆境中形成復原力，同時探討他們如何運用復原力達到正向適應，以提供獨中教育工作者一份深入瞭解留級生逆境復原力之資料。
基於研究目的，本論文以質性研究之訪談法蒐集資料，以「立意取樣」及「雪球取樣」之方式，邀請七位研究參與者進行訪談，並採現象學派典反覆聆聽訪談內容。於後，用紮根理論之概念為逐字稿編碼，以詮釋學方法深入探究逐字稿，將留級生所處之脈絡做詳實的分析。
本研究結果顯示，獨中留級生之危機因子與保護因子可分為個人、家庭及社區三部份，其中社區之保護因子與危機因子，大多源於學校。而其正向適應，可分為「健康心理的指標」及「自我效能的展現」二部份。研究結果發現「個人負面感受」是他們在面對留級時最特殊的危機，而獨中輔導處對留級生的協助有限。至於留級生重要的保護因子則包含「自我心理防衛機制」、「教師的協助」與「課外活動的協助」；而「谷底翻身的動力」，則是留級生達致正向適應之重要指標。
最後，研究者針對未來研究者、獨中校方與教育工作者、獨中學生家長及獨中留級生提出各項建議。

This is the first research which studies of Malaysia Chinese Independent High School and the grade repeaters’ resilience. More specifically, this research explores how the risk factor affected repeaters, how the protective factor helped repeaters to form resilience, and how they used resilience to adapt themselves to school positively. The researcher hopes that this study could provide some important information about grade repeaters’ resilience for those working in Chinese Independent High Schools.
According to the purpose of research, the researcher uses purposive sampling and snowball sampling for searching interviewer. In the progress of interview, the researcher used phenomenology method for analyzing the content of expression. After that, the researcher used grounded theory for coding the transcripts, and using the hermeneutics method for analysis.
The result showed that repeaters’ risk factors and protective factors could be divided into individual, family and community domain. Most of the community’s risk factors and protective factors were mainly from school. On the other hand, the positive adaptation of repeaters could be divided into “mental health” and “self-efficacy”. As for the result, “negative feelings” was the most specific rick factor of repeaters. Unfortunately, the assistance from school counseling was limited. In addition, the most important protective factors included “self-defense mechanism”, “teacher’s help” and “benefits of co-curriculum”, especially the “turnaround from bottom” was the most important indicator of “mental health”.
Lastly, the researcher offered several advices for future researchers, Chinese Independent High Schools and teachers, parents of repeaters and repeaters themselves.

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