多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)為溴化耐燃劑，常添加於各種樹脂、橡膠、電子材料及建築相關材料中，並廣泛用於民生用品。動物實驗結果顯示，PBDEs為疑似內分泌干擾物質，可干擾甲狀腺素分泌及類固醇荷爾蒙系統。歷年來，台灣地區相關產業作業勞工PBDEs暴露及健康危害評估研究極少。因此，本研究以國內PBDEs使用量最高之樹脂業為研究對象，考量其PBDEs總使用量及逐年使用分布後，選擇員工人數在40～120人之工廠進行現勘，最後選取一家位於台灣南部之耐燃樹脂製造廠，針對該廠41名勞工進行血液中PBDEs及13項血液生化與5項荷爾蒙等健康指標量測，同時進行健康、飲食及時間活動模式問卷調查，整合各項指標後進行勞工多溴二苯醚暴露及健康影響評估。血液樣本經液液萃取，並以酸性矽膠及氧化鋁管柱再淨化後，以GC/MS進行22種PBDEs同源物分析，包含三溴二苯醚(BDE-28)、四溴二苯醚(BDE-49、71、47、66、77)、五溴二苯醚(BDE-100、119、99、126)、六溴二苯醚(BDE-154、153、138、156)、七溴二苯醚(BDE-184、183、191)、八溴二苯醚(BDE-197、196)、九溴二苯醚(BDE-207、206)及十溴二苯醚(BDE-209)等同源物。所選取41位勞工依據職稱及作業內容進行初步分組，再以時間活動模式資料再進行確認後，區分為高（耐燃樹脂製造）、中（耐燃樹脂加工）、低（行政人員）暴露組，高、中、低暴露組勞工血中PBDEs平均濃度及範圍分別為1149.11 (55.18-3277.95)、491.59(ND-1962.69)與102.42 (ND-314.49) ng/g lipid，統計顯示高暴露組濃度顯著高於中、低暴露組(p<0.0001)。三暴露族群血液中PBDEs同源物含量分布，均以高溴數BDE-209、BDE-197及BDE-207為主要同源物。高、中、低暴露族群在年齡、BMI、現職年資、13項血液生化檢查與5項荷爾蒙檢查之結果顯示均無統計上顯著差異。但甲狀腺素T3/T4比值與PBDEs（p=0.0117）、BDE-206（p=0.0345）、BDE-207（p=0.0034）及BDE-197（p=0.0003）濃度具有顯著正相關，且員工依血液中PBDEs濃度分為高低兩組後，高濃度組其T4濃度分佈顯著低於低濃度組(p=0.0220)，代表T4值可能會隨PBDEs濃度升高而下降。三組暴露族群在各類食物攝取上，在海水魚（p=0.0395）及起司（p=0.0198）具有顯著差異，進一步解析發現低暴露族群在高脂肪食物中，每月攝取總量平均值皆高於高、中暴露組，同時文獻顯示一般食物中所含PBDEs多為低溴數PBDEs，如BDE-47與BDE-99為主，因此推論食物攝入量之差異並非造成高、中暴露組血液中PBDEs濃度差異的主要因素，而可能是來自職場上的暴露。問卷分析結果顯示，受粉塵暴露之勞工比例，在高、中與低暴露組分別為100%、14.3%與14.3%，且在作業中受粉塵暴露之平均時間分別為每日7、1與0.21小時，顯示高暴露組粉塵暴露比例及時間均顯著高於中、低暴露組(p<0.0001)。另外本研究也發現暴露於Deca-BDE(BDE-209)，體內其他低溴數同源物BDE-206、BDE-207、BDE-196、BDE-197、BDE-183及BDE-153濃度亦有上升，顯示BDE-209可能代謝成BDE-206、BDE-207、BDE-196、BDE-197、BDE-183及BDE-153等低溴數同源物。另外發現BDE-153與年資有顯著相關(p=0.0007)，但年齡及各種食物每月平均總攝取量與血液中PBDEs濃度並無相關，因此也推論暴露BDE-209，除可能導致BDE-153於體內的累積外，針對本研究族群，體內BDE-209與BDE-153濃度或許可以代表近期與過去職場暴露PBDEs之指標性濃度。本研究也針對員工血液PBDEs濃度進行職場暴露風險評估，並以非致癌風險評估指標Hazard Index(HI)表示其風險，結果顯示高暴露組其HI平均值高達1.0E+00，表示職場暴露情形相當嚴重，由於三組勞工平均濃度顯著高於國外文獻中各研究族群血液中PBDEs濃度，建議未來應進一步釐清暴露途徑，研擬可行防制對策，也建議從事多溴二苯醚相關作業員工，應將甲狀腺系統尤其是T4濃度，列為定期健康檢查的項目。

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are applied as flame retardants in resin, rubber, electric goods, construction materials, and textiles. The animal study indicates PBDE are suspected endocrine disruptors, and the regulation of thyroid hormones and steroid hormone metabolism could be interfered. In Taiwan, the highest amount of Deca-BDE was consumed by synthetic resin industry during 2003~2006 year. The aims of this study are to determine the serum levels of 22 PBDEs of workers in synthetic resin industry, and to assess the association between serum PBDEs and health index (13 blood biochemistry and 5 hormone examinations) of workers. The serum samples were extracted with hexane/MTBE mixture and loaded into silica/sulfuric acid column and alumina column before GC/MS analysis. Twenty-two PBDE congeners including BDE-28, 49, 71, 47, 66, 77, 100, 119, 99, 126, 154, 153, 138, 156, 184, 183, 191, 197, 196, 207, 206 and 209 were quantified. 41 workers were grouped to three groups by job title and re-check with time-activities data. The average serum PBDEs concentrations were 1149.11, 491.59 and 159.61ng/g lipid in high, medium and low exposure groups respectively. The average level of PBDEs in high exposure group was significantly higher than those in the two other groups (p<0.0001). The dominant congeners in serum samples were BDE-209, BDE-197 and BDE-207. No significant statistical differences were found in age, BMI, seniority, 13 blood biochemical examinations and 5 hormone examinations among three groups. Otherwise, the T3/T4 was significantly correlated with levels of PBDEs (p=0.0117), BDE-206(p=0.0345), BDE-207(p=0.0034) and BDE-197 (p=0.003), and the high serum PBDEs levels of study subjects, T4 levels were significantly lower (p=0.0220). It means that T4 levels may be decreased by elevated PBDEs levels. However, significant statisical differences were found in some kinds of food consumption such as marine fish (p=0.0395), cheese (p=0.0198) among three groups. According to the literature, data showed that the dominant PBDEs congeners in food were low-brominated such as BDE-47 and BDE-99. The food consumption would be excluded as major contribution factor of high serum PBDEs levels in high exposure group, and the occupational exposure was the main contributor to the elevated levels of PBDEs in high and medium group. In addition, high proportion of dust exposure was found in the high-exposure groups, the primary exposure routes may be via inhalation of airborne dust for high exposure group. This study confirms that extensive occupational exposure to Deca-BDE (BDE-209) may result in elevated serum concentrations of low-brominated congeners such as BDE-206, BDE-207, BDE-196, BDE-197, BDE-183 and BDE-153. Moreover, BDE-153 was significantly correlated with seniority (p=0.0007), but no significant correlated were found in age and food consumption. This implies that BDE-209 and BDE-153 levels in this study on behalf of the recent and passed exposure to PBDEs. This study also estimated the PBDEs exposure risk for workers by Hazard Index (HI). And the high average HI level was found in high exposure group. It means high level of PBDEs exposure in this study subjects. In addition, further research should be conducted on the source of PBDE exposure of workers in resin manufacturing plant. We also suggested that PBDEs occupational exposure workers should regularly check on T4 level.

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台中市消防局http://www.tccfd.gov.tw/
行政院勞工安全衛生研究所，資源回收業勞工空氣中多溴二苯醚暴露調查研究，中華民國九十六年1月。
行政院環保署/行業污染特性手冊/第五冊/化工類二，中華民國八十五年
行政院環保署環境檢驗所，多溴二苯醚檢測方法—氣相層析/高解析質譜法，NIEA M802.00B，中華民國九十六年5月
行政院環保署毒物管理系統http://flora2.epa.gov.tw/epa/
林翊嘉，廢棄家電及電腦處理業勞工多溴聯苯醚暴露評估研究，國立成功大學/環境醫學研究所/碩士論文，中華民國九十五年七月。
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