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研究生： 楊承融
Yang, Cheng-Rong
論文名稱： 應用遺傳演算法於五軸虛擬工具機體積誤差分配
Application of Genetic Algorithm to Allocating Volumetric Errors for Five-Axis Virtual Machine Tools
指導教授： 李榮顯
Lee, Rong-Shean
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2011
畢業學年度： 99
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 90
中文關鍵詞： 五軸工具機 、體積誤差分配 、遺傳演算法
外文關鍵詞： Five-axis machine tool, Volumetric error allocation, Genetic Algorithm
相關次數： 點閱：194  下載：7 
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    • 本文主要目的在於利用遺傳演算法將工具機的體積誤差分配到其運動軸之組裝誤差項。本文定義出此問題最佳化之目標函數和限制條件。此目標函數包含了三個部分，分別是工具機運動軸誤差量測和製造的成本、各組裝誤差項對體積誤差之敏感度和不可直接補償的機台組裝誤差項之值。在限制條件方面，以形狀創成函數為基礎，評估各組裝誤差項對刀尖點中心位置誤差的體積誤差量。考慮此體積誤差量要小於加工時所希望的精度，可建立出限制條件。
    應用本文所提出的最佳化遺傳演算法並實作出人機介面，本文發展出一個系統可提供工具機設計者分配體積誤差至各組裝誤差項。此系統具有兩項功能，其中一項可依照不同的加工件和加工精度，建議使用者各誤差項所應設計的區間。而第二項功能則是可以提供體積誤差分佈圖，可顯示出刀具路徑檔中各個刀具中心點所產生的體積誤差量。應用商業軟體VERICUT來驗證體積誤差數學模型的正確性，並用蒙地卡羅模擬來驗證體積誤差分配區間的正確性。

    The purpose of this thesis is using genetic algorithms to allocate the volumetric error of machine tool to assembly error terms of its motion axes. To solve this problem, the objective function and constraints should be defined. There are three parts in objective function which are the costs of measurement and manufacture. The sensitivity of assembly error terms to volumetric error and values of assembly error terms. Regarding to the constraints, the form-shaping function was used to evaluate the volumetric error of tool center point caused by each assembly error term. The constraints are established such that volumetric error should less and equal to the targeted accuracy value.
    Applying the optimal genetic algorithm of this thesis and implementing a human machine interface, a system was developed for machine tool designer to allocate volumetric error to each assembly error term. This system has two functions. The first is suggesting user the range of each error terms according the different workpiece and the machine accuracy. The second is providing a volumetric error diagram to show the volumetric error of each tool center point of given cutter location file. The proposed volumetric error mathematical model has been verified by using VERICUT simulation. The results of volumetric error allocation have been verified by Monte-Carlo simulation.

    中文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 致謝 III 目錄 V 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 IX 符號說明 XII 第一章 前言 1 1-1 概述 1 1-2 文獻回顧 2 1-3 研究目的與範疇 7 第二章 理論背景 10 2-1 座標轉換矩陣 10 2-2 工具機構形碼與形狀創成函數 12 2-3 工具機後處理 18 2-4 遺傳演算法 22 2-4-1 解碼 22 2-4-2 競爭法 23 2-4-3 交叉操作 23 2-4-4 突變 24 2-5 工具機加工誤差 25 2-6 蒙地卡羅模擬 28 第三章 系統核心理論 29 3-1 誤差矩陣 29 3-2 考慮誤差項之形狀創成函數 32 3-3 可直接補償之誤差項 34 3-4 考慮尺寸與誤差項之形狀創成函數 35 3-5 誤差敏感度分析 46 3-6 目標函數 47 3-7 限制條件 48 3-8 變數範圍 48 第四章 工具機組裝誤差分配 49 4-1 系統演算法 49 4-1-1 簡化NC碼 50 4-1-2 雙層結構之最佳化演算法 51 4-1-3 修正簡化的限制條件 54 4-2 工具機組裝誤差分配之規劃與流程 56 4-2-1 使用情境 56 4-2-2 程式介面規畫 58 4-3 結果與討論 67 4-3-1 體積誤差區間分配實例 67 4-3-2 商用軟體驗證 72 4-3-3 蒙地卡羅模擬驗證 75 4-3-4 結果應用 77 第五章 結論與建議 85 5-1 結論 85 5-2 建議 86 參考文獻 87 自述 90

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