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研究生: 郭禮安
Kuo, Li-An
論文名稱: 利用D-H修正標記法於非正交多軸工具機自動化泛用型後處理程式之發展
Development of Automated Universal Postprocessor for Non-Orthogonal Multi-Axes Machine Tools with Modified D-H Notation
指導教授: 李榮顯
Lee, Rong-shean
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 126
中文關鍵詞: 非正交泛用型後處理程式多軸工具機D-H標記法
外文關鍵詞: D-H notation, Multi-axes machine tool, Universal postprocessor, Non-orthogonal
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  • 由於近年曲面加工的複雜性增高,為增加複雜曲面工件的精度,多軸加工已經成為目前發展的主要趨勢,各家工具機廠大量推出各種構形的多軸工具機,如何有效率且彈性的控管生產線上不同工具機機台所負責的工作成了重要的課題,而快速且正確建立不同工具機間的後處理程式更成了其中的關鍵。
    本文處理範疇為軸數在三軸及三軸以上五軸及五軸以下含有三個平移軸與兩個及兩個以下旋轉軸的多軸工具機,針對市面上常見之工具機構形進行推導,即旋轉軸須位於機械床台至工件端或機械床台至刀具端之運動鍊末端,旋轉軸至工件間或旋轉軸至刀具間不能夾有線性軸,在考慮正交與非正交構形下,發展一多軸工具機自動化泛用型後處理程式系統,系統透過資訊檔內容,以機構逆向運動學為基礎,利用D-H修正標記法進行自動化後處理程式之推導,並經後處理轉換成NC加工程式。
    本文以視窗程式為架構,使用OpenGL作為視窗顯示畫面,讓使用者以操作介面匯入資訊檔,快速建構完成欲模擬之工具機機台,並進行後處理程序。最後以自由曲面工件,透過本文所提出之方法來呈現虛擬工具機建構流程與加工時的運動模擬,並利用實體切削商用模擬軟體驗證本系統後處理轉換的NC程式。

    As the complexity of surface machining growing recently, multi-axes machine tools are widely used to increase the precision of surface machining. Therefore how to manage machine tools with various configuration on the production line efficiently has become an important subject. The construction of the postprocessor for different machine tools rapidly and accurately is the key issue.
    This thesis aims at the development of an automated universal postprocessor for both orthogonal and non-orthogonal configuration. This system attains the information of machine tools through information file, and utilizes modified D-H notation to develop the postprocessor of multi-axes machine tools.
    The user interface of the system is also developed. The displayed window is based on OpenGL. User can import information file and construct simulation system for multi-axes machine tool. A workpiece is given to demonstrate the construction procedure for virtual machine tool. The motion simulation of virtual machine tool has been compared with commercial software to verify the NC program converted from the developed postprocessor .

    中文摘要 ............................................................................................................ I 英文摘要 .......................................................................................................... II 誌謝 ................................................................................................................. III 總目錄 ............................................................................................................. IV 表目錄 .......................................................................................................... VIII 圖目錄 ............................................................................................................. IX 符號說明 ...................................................................................................... XIII 第一章 前言.............................................1 1-1 概述................................................1 1-2 文獻回顧............................................2 1-2-1 後處理程式........................................2 1-2-2 虛擬實境與虛擬製造................................6 1-3 研究目的與範疇......................................9 1-4 章節瀏覽............................................9 第二章 座標系統與座標轉換矩陣..........................12 2-1 基本座標轉換之轉換矩陣.............................12 2-2 繞任意軸旋轉之轉換矩陣.............................18 2-3 工具機構形之探討...................................19 2-3-1 工具機構造碼與形狀創成函數.......................19 2-4 D-H修正標記法於虛擬工具機建構之應用................20 2-4-1 D-H修正標記法概述................................20 第三章 D-H座標定義與參數運算...........................26 3-1 應用D-H修正標記法建構虛擬多軸工具機................27 3-2 應用D-H修正標記法建構虛擬多軸工具機................36 3-3 應用D-H修正標記法建構虛擬多軸工具機................39 3-4 應用D-H修正標記法建構虛擬多軸工具機................40 第四章 系統核心理論....................................41 4-1 後處理程式概述.....................................42 4-1-1 工具機加工之幾何意義.............................44 4-1-2 逆向運動學介紹...................................45 4-2 自動化泛用型後處理程式之發展.......................46 4-2-1 後處理運算之簡化.................................47 4-2-2 三種分類之旋轉軸求解探討.........................49 4-2-2-1 A類型..........................................49 4-2-2-2 B類型..........................................55 4-2-2-3 C類型..........................................60 4-2-3 線性軸求解.......................................65 4-2-4 NC程式產生.......................................68 第五章 虛擬工具機模擬系統實作..........................69 5-1 系統設計需求.......................................69 5-2 系統架構...........................................72 5-2-1 開發工具.........................................74 5-2-2 OpenGL概述.......................................75 5-2-3 人機介面架構.....................................76 5-3 應用D-H修正標記法連貫工具機建構與後處理............86 第六章 虛擬工具機模擬系統實例..........................87 6-1 加工件資料.........................................87 6-2 NC程式設計.........................................88 6-2-1 刀具路徑檔的產生.................................88 6-3 虛擬工具機運動模擬系統之驗證.......................91 6-3-1 自動加工模擬流程.................................91 6-3-2 結果與討論.......................................92 6-3-2-1 系統運動模擬之正確性...........................92 6-3-2-2 後處理程式之正確性.............................97 6-3-2-2-1 正交型五軸工作台傾斜型....................97 6-3-2-2-2 單旋轉軸非正交五軸工作台傾斜型...........100 6-3-2-2-3 雙旋轉軸非正交五軸工作台傾斜型...........103 6-3-2-3 後處理公式驗證................................107 6-3-2-4 雙旋轉軸非正交五軸工作台傾斜之加工範圍........110 第七章 結論與建議.....................................111 7-1 結論..............................................111 7-2 建議..............................................112 參考文獻...............................................114 附錄一.................................................118 自述...................................................126

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