機電設備的重要性如同人體內血管與神經的存在，該如何維持其正常功能便是設備維護管理的重要項目，設備維護主要分為例行性維護與故障緊急維護，後者所需資訊較前者即時且複雜；此外，針對大型機電設備維護更需額外考慮現地施工條件、施工順序、相關資源等因素，再加上施工人員的知識與經驗水平的因素，將直接影響維護作業的品質與效率。
目前透過BIM的可視性與元件資訊內容輔助建築中的設計、施工階段已有不少應用與研究，而協助設備維護管理之應用相對較少，其元件所含之設備維護資訊不足；而知識管理方面，有研究利用知識庫與關鍵詞的方式協助維護人員取得相關維護資訊。本體論，起源於哲學上的概念，用於描述物體之間的關聯，近年來亦有研究使用知識本體協助工程專案的知識傳遞。
為了解決知識傳遞不易、BIM元件所含設備維護資訊不足、忽略現地施工條件等問題，本研究透過結合知識本體與BIM的方式輔助設備維護之應用。首先以IDEF0 解析發展知識本體流程所需資訊，透過不同資訊解析模式之成果定義本研究知識本體之架構；另一方面，定義BIM的建模標準與COBie的資訊內容，並將兩者以「實例」結合。透過之訊整合的方式輔助判斷現地施工因素並協助傳遞相關知識，並將資訊整合過程中所產出之資訊需求回饋於BIM，以延續該模型的使用性，最後以大型機電設備故障情境驗證之。
經過案例驗證與業界回饋得知，結合知識本體與BIM事先判定現地施工條件，並回饋資訊以擴充BIM資訊內容，確實能改善目前機電設備維護作業情形及延續模型的使用性。

SUMMARY
The breakdown maintenance is still the primary maintenance type, and knowledge and experience play an important role in mechanical, electrical and pumping (MEP) system maintenance. On the other hand, the information requirement of replacing large-size equipment is more complex than normal situation, therefore, time and cost will be wasted due to experience gap and ignorance job-site conditions. Though Building Information Modeling (BIM) to integrate the information is trend, but it still faces requirement unclear of BIM elements and difficult knowledge delivery. This research develops a framework to integrate Ontology and BIM to improve current maintenance procedure and help maintainers to deliver their knowledge and experience.
This research adopts IDEF0 to analyze requirements of each activity for the Ontology development and use different types of analytical information to build the ontology model; besides, this research defines the standards of BIM and COBie. Finally, by using “Individuals” it integrates ontology and BIM.
According to the case study, this framework can really assist knowledge delivery, analysis job-site conditions and expand BIM element information.

Keywords: Ontology、BIM、COBie、Knowledge Management、Facility Management

 英文文獻
[1]. East, W., Nisbet, N., and Liebich, T. (2013). Facility Management Handover Model View. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol.27 (1): 61–67.
[2]. East, B., (2013), Ch.5 Using COBie, BIM for Facility Managers: 107-143, U.S.: IFMA, Paul Teicholz.
[3]. East, B., Carrasquillo‐Mangual,M.,(2013), The COBie Guide: commentary to the NBIMS‐US COBie standard, U.S: buildingSMART alliance.
[4]. Lucas, J., Bulbul, T., and Thabet, W., (2013), An object-oriented model to support healthcare facility information management, Automation in Construction, Vol.31:281-291.
[5]. Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., and Liston, K., (2011), BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors, 2nd Edition, New Jersey :Wiley.
[6]. Wang, Y., Wang, X., Wang, J., Yung, P., and Jun, G., (2013), Engagement of Facilities Management in Design Stage through BIM: Framework and a Case Study, Advances in Civil Engineering, Vol. 2013.
[7]. WANG, L. and F. LEITE (2014). Comparison of Experienced and Novice BIM Coordinators in Performing Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) Coordination Tasks. Construction Research Congress 2014: 21-30.
[8]. Hajdu, M., M. J. Skibniewski, A. Deshpande, S. Azhar and S. Amireddy (2014). "Selected papers from Creative Construction Conference 2014A Framework for a BIM-based Knowledge Management System." Procedia Engineering 85: 113-122.
[9]. Motawa, I. and A. Almarshad (2013). "A knowledge-based BIM system for building maintenance." Automation in Construction 29: 173-182.
[10]. Rector, A., N. Drummond, M. Horridge, J. Rogers, H. Knublauch, R. Stevens, H. Wang and C. Wroe (2004). OWL Pizzas: Practical Experience of Teaching OWL-DL: Common Errors & Common Patterns. Engineering Knowledge in the Age of the Semantic Web: 14th International Conference, EKAW 2004, Whittlebury Hall, UK, October 5-8, 2004. Proceedings. E. Motta, N. R. Shadbolt, A. Stutt and N. Gibbins. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 63-81.
[11]. Zhang, Y., X. Luo, Y. Zhao and H.-c. Zhang (2015). "An ontology-based knowledge framework for engineering material selection." Advanced Engineering Informatics 29(4): 985-1000.
[12]. Zhang, S., F. Boukamp and J. Teizer (2015). "Ontology-based semantic modeling of construction safety knowledge: Towards automated safety planning for job hazard analysis (JHA)." Automation in Construction 52: 29-41.
[13]. IFMA, (2001), http://www.ifma.org/, International Facilities Management Association(IFMA).
[14]. OmniClass Development Committee,(2006), OmniClass: Introduction and User’s Guide, US: OCCS Development Committee.
[15]. Katipamula, S., and Brambley, M.R., (2005), Review Article: Methods for Fault Detection, Diagnostics, and Prognostics for Building Systems—A Review, Part I”, HVAC&R Research, 11:1, 3-25.
[16]. Sullivan, G.P., Pugh, R., Melendez, A.P., and Hunt, W.D., Operations & Maintenance Best Practices: A Guide to Achieving Operational Efficiency, Richland: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
[17]. Becerik-Gerber, B., Jazizadeh, F., Li, N., and Calis, G., (2012), Application Areas and Data Requirements for BIM-Enabled Facilities Management, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol.138,Issue 3.
[18]. McArthur, J. J. (2015). "A Building Information Management (BIM) Framework and Supporting Case Study for Existing Building Operations, Maintenance and Sustainability." Procedia Engineering 118: 1104-1111.
[19]. Kang, T.-W. and H.-S. Choi (2015). "BIM perspective definition metadata for interworking facility management data." Advanced Engineering Informatics 29(4): 958-970.
[20]. Dong, B., O'Neill, Z., Li, Z.,(2014), A BIM-enabled information infrastructure for building energy Fault Detection and Diagnostics, Automation in Construction, Vol.44:197-211.
[21]. McAuley, B., Hore, A.V., McCormack, M., (2013), The application of COBie to Increase the Functionality of Existiong Software, Proceedings of the International Postgraduate Research Conference 2013, University of Salford, April 8th-10th 2013.
[22]. Day,M.,(2014), The problem with COBie, AEC Magazine, Retrieved from http://aecmag.com/technology-mainmenu-35/598-the-problem-with-cobie.
[23]. USC, University of Southern California, (2012), Building Information Modeling (BIM) Guidelines, California: University of Southern California.
[24]. Hajdu, M., M. J. Skibniewski, A. Deshpande, S. Azhar and S. Amireddy (2014). "Selected papers from Creative Construction Conference 2014A Framework for a BIM-based Knowledge Management System." Procedia Engineering 85: 113-122.
[25]. Hendler,J. (2001). Agents and the Semantic Web.
[26]. Gruber, T. R. (1993). "A translation approach to portable ontology specifications." Knowledge Acquisition 5(2): 199-220.
[27]. Noy, N. F. and mcguinness, Deborah L. (2001). Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology, Online.
[28]. World Wide Web Consortium (2004). OWL Web Ontology Language Overview.
[29]. World Wide Web Consortium (2004). OWL 2 Web Ontology Language.Document Overview (Second Edition) https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/
[30]. Pittet, P., C. Cruz and C. Nicolle (2014). "An ontology change management approach for facility management." Computers in Industry 65(9): 1301-1315.
[31]. Stanford University. Protegewiki. http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Main_Page.
[32]. World Wide Web Consortium (2004). SWRL: A Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML https://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/#8.1
 
 中文文獻
[1]. 李佳融 (2015)，COBie為基礎之BIM設施管理資訊交付模式－以故障維護管理為例，碩士論文，國立成功大學土木工程學研究所。
[2]. 丁冠博(2013）。應用Ontology/Protege/SWRL於建築資訊模型上進行推論，碩士論文，國立中央大學，桃園市。
[3]. 楊冠雄等著，(1994)，建築物設備使用管理計畫與節能效益評估，內政部建築研究所籌備處，台北市。
[4]. 劉明國(1987)，建築物用途別之分類研究及建築物之使用管理，中華民國建築學會(內政部營建署委託）。
[5]. 李兆平(2001），建築設施在營運與維護階段資訊共享－以學校教室為例，碩士論文，國立交通大學，新竹市。
[6]. 鍾明鴻(1997)。設備管理。超越企業顧問管理股份有限公司，台北市。
[7]. 法務部(2014)。建築技術規則建築設備編。全國法規資料庫。