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研究生：	鄒耀東 Zou, Yao-Dong
論文名稱：	SmartMote:一具可動態更新技術之感測器運用於無線隨意感測網路 SmartMote: An Adaptive Update Mechanism for Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Network
指導教授：	鄭憲宗 Cheng, Sheng-Tzong
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 資訊工程學系 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	46
外文關鍵詞：	TOSSIM, Group Management, Flooding, SmartMote, WASN
相關次數：	點閱：143 下載：2
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This thesis describes a novel update mechanism for large wireless ad-hoc sensor networks (WASNs). In wireless sensor networks, the nodes may have to be reprogrammed, especially for design-implement-test iterations. Manually reprogramming is a very cumbersome work, and may be infeasible if nodes of the network are unreachable. In addition, replacing the executed application on a node by transmitting the complete program image is inefficient for small changes in the code either. It consumes a lot of bandwidth and time. Therefore, an on-the-fly update mechanism is required. This paper exploits programmable packets to update sensor behaviors. To reduce the code transferred and power consumption, a group management architecture is developed. This architecture helps reduce power consumption and increase node number that control by Leader Node in WASNs. The proposed update mechanism, SmartMote, has been implemented on the Tmote-based Octopus II sensor node. SmartMote is a compact interpreter-like virtual machine designed specifically for wireless ad hoc sensor networks built on TinyOS, a component-based operating system for highly constraint embedded platform. Instead of installing applications as binary objects on the sensor node, every node executes a byte code interpreter. SmartMote reads the special byte code commands from memory, and transforms these operations to TinyOS operations. Performance evaluation as well as measurement is conducted in the paper to illustrate the significance of the proposed mechanism.

List of Contents
1.	Introduction	- 1 -
1.1	Wireless ad-hoc sensor network	- 1 -
1.2	TOSSIM	- 3 -
2.	Related Work	- 6 -
2.1	XNP	- 6 -
2.2	FlexCup	- 7 -
2.3	Deluge	- 9 -
2.4	Multi-hop Over-the-Air-Programming(MOAP)	- 11 -
2.5	Trickle	- 11 -
2.6	Maté / Bombilla	- 12 -
2.7	SensorWare	- 12 -
3.	System Architecture	- 13 -
3.1	Network Topology	- 13 -
3.1.1	Wireless Sensor Node Group Management	- 15 -
3.2	Sensor Framework	- 18 -
3.2.1	The language	- 19 -
3.2.2	The run-time environment	- 22 -
3.2.3	Routing and Design of Programmable Packets	- 25 -
4.	Instruction Set	- 28 -
4.1	Components in the SmartMote	- 28 -
4.2	SmartMote Instructions	- 30 -
5.	Performance Evaluation	- 32 -
5.1	Octopus II	- 32 -
5.1.1	Power Model for Octopus II	- 33 -
5.2	Experimental Results and Analysis	- 34 -
5.3	Simulations	- 39 -
5.3.1	PowerTOSSIM	- 39 -
5.3.2	Results	- 40 -
6.	Conclusions and Future Work	- 43 -
References	- 44 -
List of Figures
Figure 1: Wireless ad-hoc sensor network.	- 2 -
Figure 2: XNP packet transmission form.	- 7 -
Figure 3: XNP updating flow chart.	- 7 -
Figure 4: Spatial multiplexing in Deluge	- 10 -
Figure 5: SmartMote network topology.	- 13 -
Figure 6: SmartMote packet transmission.	- 14 -
Figure 7: The comparison between Super Node and Sensor Node.	- 16 -
Figure 8: Flow of Leader Node election [7].	- 17 -
Figure 9: Leader node election with an example.	- 18 -
Figure 10: Sensor framework.	- 19 -
Figure 11: Illustrates the different parts of the SmartMote language.	- 21 -
Figure 12: An example of SmartMote’s event model.	- 22 -
Figure 13: Abstract of SmartMote’s run-time environment.	- 24 -
Figure 14: The flow chart that user uses instruction to update sensor behavior.	- 26 -
Figure 15: An example that uses Leader Node to update sensor behavior.	- 26 -
Figure 16: Programmable packet format.	- 27 -
Figure 17: Flash memory allocation.	- 27 -
Figure 18: Components that make up SmartMote	- 29 -
Figure 19: Loading of jobs.	- 30 -
Figure 20: Instructions that defined by our system.	- 31 -
Figure 21: An example of a SmartMote instruction execution.	- 32 -
Figure 22: Octopus II wireless sensor platform.	- 33 -
Figure 23: Traditional case with flooding method (packet rx).	- 35 -
Figure 24: SmartMote scheme (packet rx).	- 35 -
Figure 25: Measured current consumption for transmitting a single radio message at maximum power.	- 36 -
Figure 26: Traditional case with flooding method (power consumption).	- 39 -
Figure 27: SmartMote scheme (power consumption).	- 39 -
Figure 28: The distribution of completion times for individual nodes.	- 41 -
Figure 29: Total delay breakdown for two schemes.	- 42 -
Figure 30: Radio power consumed in the two schemes.	- 42 -
Figure 31: Total power consumed in the two schemes.	- 43 -

List of Tables
TABLE 1: Power model for Octopus II.	- 33 -
TABLE 2: Power consumption parameters	- 37 -
                                    

References
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[2]. Inc. Crossbow Technology. Mote in-network programming user reference, 2003. Retrieved: November 16, 2006 from Crossbow Technology, Inc.: http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos/tinyos-1.x/doc/Xnp.pdf.
[3]. R. Szewczyk, J. Polastre, A. Mainwaring, and D. Culler. Lessons from a sensor network expedition. In Proc. the First European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN), January 2004.
[4]. T. Stathopoulos, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin. A remote code update mechanism for wireless sensor networks, 2003.
[5]. P. Levis, N. Patel, D. Culler, and S. Shenker. Trickle: A self-regulating algorithm for code propagation and maintenance in wireless sensor networks, 2004.
[6]. A. Boulis, C. Han, R. Shea, M. B. Srivastava, Sensorware: Programming sensor networks beyond code update and querying, Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 3, 4, 2007, pp. 386–412.
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[10]. David Gay, Philip Levis, Robert von Behren, Matt Welsh, Eric Brewer, David uller, “The nesC Language:A Holistic Approach to Networked Embedded Systems”, ACM PLDI’03, San Diego, California, USA, June 9–11, 2003.
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[23]. J. A. a. J. Rabaey, "The Energy-per-Useful-Bit Metric for Evaluating and Optimizing Sensor Network Physical Layers."
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校內：2010-08-10公開
校外：2012-08-10公開

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