| 研究生: |
陳愛妮 Chen, Ai-Ni |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
論商標法之描述性合理使用—— 比較我國法、美國法及歐盟法 A Study on Descriptive Fair Use of Trademark Law—— Comparing Taiwan law, American law and EU law |
| 指導教授: |
林易典
Lin, Yi-Ten |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 法律學系 Department of Law |
| 論文出版年: | 2022 |
| 畢業學年度: | 110 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 217 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 描述性合理使用 、商標權之範圍 、商標使用 、非商標使用 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | descriptive fair use, the scope of trademark right, trademark use, non-use as a trademark |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:109 下載:21 |
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商標法是一個與社會經濟活動密不可分的法律,隨著商業活動的蓬勃發展,也伴隨著可能侵害商標法的風險。為了避免對商標權人的權利過度保護,以維持公眾領域的權利,商標法合理使用的規定就顯得極為重要。根據我國商標法第 36 條第 1 項第1 款的規定,在以符合商業交易習慣之誠實信用方法,表示自己之姓名、名稱,或其商品或服務之名稱、形狀、品質、性質、特性、用途、產地或其他有關商品或服務本身之說明,非作為商標使用者的情況下,他人使用商標權人的商標時將不會落入落入商標侵權的罰則與損害賠償。該條規定確保了第三人得以使用涉及侵害商標權人商標的圖文用以描述自己商品或服務的空間,即所謂的「描述性合理使用」。
然而,相較於著作權法中的合理使用條款種類劃分較多,也較為重視,商標法中的描述性合理使用於實務學說的討論著墨較少,法院在審理上也缺少對「以符合商業交易習慣之誠實信用方法」等合理使用之要件有較為明確的解釋。
而在討論描述性合理使用之前,首先應該討論的是如何界定商標權之範圍?以及再進一步值得探討的疑問是,商標使用與非商標使用的界定為何?至於伴隨商標法之描述性合理使用的規定所帶來的疑問,包括描述性合理使用的要件與判斷標準、混淆誤認對於描述性合理使用判斷的影響、以及判斷是否符合描述性合理使用之依據等,於我國的討論相對較少;相比之下,美國對於商標法描述性合理使用的探討已經累積相當多的判例經驗;歐盟法對於商標權的限制規定也有較縝密的討論。故本研究之目的係希望透過了解美國與歐盟的法規制度,近一步整理美國與歐盟實務針對描述性合理使用要件的判斷原則,並與從我國實務判決的爭點中,比較美國與歐盟已經形成的穩固見解,以期整理出有助於實務具體判斷之描述性合理使用的準則。
Trademark law is a law that is closely related to social and economic activities. With the vigorous development of commercial activities, there is also the risk of possible infringement of trademark law. To avoid excessive protection of the rights of trademark owners and balance the rights in the public domain, the fair use doctrine of trademark law is extremely important. One of the fair use doctrines is called “descriptive fair use”, which targets the behavior of a third-party using words that may infringe the trademark owner to describe his or her products. In other words, the “descriptive fair use” is a limitation of trademark right.
Before discussing descriptive fair use, what should be discussed first is how to define the scope of trademark right? And the question worthy of further discussion is, what is the definition of “trademark use” and “non-use as a trademark”? As for the doubts arising from the provisions of descriptive fair use in the Trademark Law, including the elements and judgment standards of descriptive fair use, there are relatively few discussions in Taiwan; in contrast, the United States and EU has accumulated a lot of precedent experience on the discussion of descriptive fair use in trademark law.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss the questions above and to further organize the judgment principles of descriptive fair use requirements in the United States and the EU by understanding the laws and regulations.
一、中文文獻
(一)中文專書
民國 111 年商標法修正案,立法院公報,第 111 卷第 54 期 5025 號一冊,2021 年 4 月。
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