目前建物隔震多以水平向隔震為主，然而垂直向震波對建物與設備等非結構構件之影響亦不容忽視，不過具有水平與垂直向隔震性能之建物隔震系統卻極為少見。再者，某些大型設備運作時會產生巨大之振動，易干擾周遭環境及鄰居，若設備位於高科技廠區附近則不利精密製程之進行。有鑑於此，本文擬探討以一慣性式水平與垂直雙向隔震系統作為上述問題解決方案之可行性。此隔震系統由空氣彈簧隔震墊(可提供水平與垂直雙向隔震)、增補阻尼元件以及一座大型主構造體(慣性質塊)所組成。此系統不僅可作為減緩水平垂直雙向上傳地震力之用，亦可作為減少內部設備振動外傳之減振系統。
為評估該系統之減震效益，本文首先以拉格朗日運動方程式分別推導前述慣性式雙向隔震系統於基底激振或內部(設備)激振下之非線性運動方程式，該方程式可用以描述系統水平、垂直與搖擺三個自由度之反應。本文亦利用狀態空間線性化理論將上述非線性方程式加以線性化，以利探討整體系統之頻率響應函數關係及未來工程實務之應用。接著，再以國家地震工程研究中心第二實驗設施中振動台浮式基礎為實際案例，說明本文慣性式隔震系統理論模型之應用方法，並以元件測試所得之空氣彈簧與阻尼器實測參數，模擬浮式基礎在內部振動台激振下與外部強震作用下之動力行為，藉以評估浮式基礎之減震效益，最後將實測元件及隔震系統應用於建物隔震中，以此作為評估本文隔震系統之減震效益。分析結果顯示，在二維立面假設條件下，浮式基礎於內部振動台激振下，對於外傳之加速度與作用力之減振效果兼優，尤其以水平向之減振為佳。而在考慮外部強震作用下，建物與浮式基礎之質心水平與垂直加速度之減震效果不錯，但浮式基礎邊角處之反應有放大之現象。究其原因，可能係因浮式基礎尺寸效應之影響。

Most of existing seismic isolation systems have only horizontal isolation capacity. However, many research results also indicate that vertical seismic motions have considerable impact on structures or non-structural components (e.g., equipment). Currently, isolators with both horizontal and vertical isolation capability are not commonly used. On the other hands, large vibration machines or equipment in factories may cause uncomfortable and disturbing vibration. For high-tech factories, the vibration of large equipment may also affect the manufacture process of precision products.
To solve the above problems, this paper investigates the feasibility of using an air-spring inertial-type isolation system (AITIS), which consists of a reaction mass, air-spring isolators and viscous dampers. By using Lagrange’s equation of motion, this paper derives a set of nonlinear dynamic equations for a general AITIS system with three degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) under bi-directional interior excitations or ground motions. The 3-DOFs are used to describe the motions of the mass center of the AITIS in horizontal, vertical and rocking directions. For the convenience of applications, the nonlinear equations are also linearized by using the state-space linearization approach. Moreover, in order to evaluate the isolation efficiency of the AITIS for different applications, two kinds of isolation models are considered in this study. In the first application model, the AITIS is used as a floating foundation to mitigate the transmitted vibration exerted by internal equipment. In the second model, the AITIS is used as a seismic isolation system for a building structure. In both models, the parameters of the air-springs and dampers were obtained experimentally from real devices.
The simulation results show that when used as a floating foundation, the AITIS is effectively in reducing transmitting forces and acceleration response, especially for high-frequency excitations. When the AITIS is used as a horizontal-and-vertical bi-directional seismic isolation system, it also leads to effective performance. However, the corner response of the isolated structure may be amplified due to the rocking effect.

1.Amick H. and Gordon C. (1997) “On generic vibration criteria for advanced technology facilities.” Journal of Institute of Environmental Sciences, 40(5):35-44.
2.Araki Y., Asai T., and Masui T. (2009) “Vertical vibration isolator having piecewise-constant restoring force.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 38:1505-1523.
3.Araki Y., Kawabata S., Asai T., and Masui T. (2011) “Response of vibration-isolated object to ground motions with intense vertical accelerations.” Engineering Structures, 33:3610-3619.
4.Asgarian B., Norouzi A., Alanjari P., and Mirtaheri M. (2012) “Evaluation of seismic performance of moment resisting frames considering vertical component of ground motion.” Advances in Structural Engineering, 15(8):1439-1453.
5.Badalouka B. G. and Papadopoulos G. A. (2008) “Experimental study of a structure under stress pulse simulating vertical ground motion.” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 12:341-356.
6.Bhatia, K.G. and Sinha, K.N. (1977). “Eeffect of soil-structure interaction on the behaviour of machine foundations.” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Soil-Structure Interaction, Roorkee, pp. 399-404.
7.Bhatia, K. G., (2008a) “Foundations for industrial machines and earthquake effects.” ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 45(1-2):13-29.
8.Bhatia, K.G. (2008b) Foundations for Industrial Machines: Handbook for Practising Engineers,D-CAD Publishers, New Delhi.
9.Bob Reitherman, Tom Sabol, Robert Bachman, Dennis Bellet, Ross Bogen, Donald Cheu, Paul Coleman, James Denney, Michael Durkin, Carl Fitch, Russ Fleming, William Gates, Barry Goodno, Marvin Halling, and Richard Hess (1995) “Nonstructural Damage.” Earthquake Spectra, 11( S2):453-514.
10.Cao Yanmei and Xia He, (2010) “Experimental study of railway traffic induced environmental vibrations.” International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineerin,, June 26-28, Wuhan, China.
11.Ceresa P., Brezzi F., Calvi G.M. and Pinho R. (2012) “Analytical modelling of a large-scale dynamic testing facility.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 41(2):255-277.
12.Ceresa P., Brezzi F., and Calvi G.M. (2013) “Modelling a large-scale uniaxial shaking table facility.” Proceedings of the 4th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Kos Island, Greece.
13.Chang, Sy., Chang, K.Y., Cheng, K.H. and Chen, R.J.T. (2006) “The study of design on the urban track transportation vibration prevention: floating slab track in the bored tunnel at Taipei.” 10th International Conference on Computer System Design and Operation in the Railway and Other Transit Systems, July 10 - 12, Prague, Czech.
14.Eduardo Miranda, Gilberto Mosqueda, Rodrigo Retamales and Gokhan Pekcan(2012) “Performance of nonstructural components during the 27 February 2010 Chile Earthquake.” Earthquake Spectra, 28, No.(S1):S453-S471.
15.Eshghi S. and Razzaghi M. S. (2005) “Performance of industrial facilities in the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake. ” Earthquake Spectra, 21(S1):S395-S410.
16.Facchinetti A., Mazzola L., Alfi S. and Bruni S. (2010) “Mathematical modelling of the secondary airspring suspension in railway vehicles and its effect on safety and ride comfort.” Vehicle System Dynamics, Supplement, 48:429-449.
17.Faramarz K. and Montazar R. (2010) “Seismic response of double concave friction pendulum base-isolated structures considering vertical component of earthquake.” Advances in Structural Engineering, 13:1-13.
18.Faridafshin F. and Mcclure G. (2008) “Seismic response of tall guyed masts to asynchronous multiple-support and vertical ground motions.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 134:1374-1382.
19.FEMA E-74 (2011) “Reducing the risks of nonstructural earthquake damage – a practical guide.” Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C, January.
20.Firestone (2014) Engineering Manual & Design Guide, Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, Nashville, Tennessee.
21.Franke D., Lam N., Gad E., and Chandler A. (2005) “Seismically induced overturning of objects and filtering effects of buildings.” JSEE: Summer, 7(2):95-108.
22.Fujita T. (1985) “Earthquake isolation technology for industrial facilities- research, development and applications in Japan.” Bulletin of The New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 18(3):224-249.
23.Fujita T. (1998) “Seismic isolation of civil buildings in Japan.” Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 1(3):295-300.
24.Fujita S. (1996) “Shake table tests on three-dimensional vibration isolation system comprising rubber bearing and coil springs.” Eleventh World Conference on Eatthquake Engineering, No.276.
25.Furukawa S. (2011) “Performance of structures and equipment in base-isolated medical facilities subjected to severe earthquake motions. ” Kyoto University.
26.Furukawa S., Sato E., Shi Y., and Nakashima M. (2012) “Structural and equipment performance of base-isolated medical facility subjected to strong vertical ground motions. ” Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, September 24-28, Lisbon.
27.Giuseppe Quaglia and Andrea Guala (2003) “Evaluation and validation of an air spring analytical model.” International Journal of Fluid Power, (2):43−54.
28.Goodno B. J., Gould N. C., Caldwell P., and Gould P. L. (2011) “Effects of the January 2010 Haitian earthquake on selected electrical equipment.” Earthquake Spectra, 27(S1):S251-S276.
29.Grayson V. Dixon and Jerome Pearson (1967) “Automatically Controlled Air Spring Suspension System for Vibration Testing.” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA TN D-3891.
30.Han J. P., Yan Q., and Zhou W. (2011) “Vertical ground motion characteristics of Wenchuan earthquake.” Applied Mechanics and Materials, 94-96:1828-1832.
31.Harvey, P.S. (2016) “Vertical accelerations in rolling isolation systems: Experiments and simulations.” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 142(3).
32.Heiland D. and Beyer K. (1998) “Vibration in semiconductor fabs.” Workshop on High-Speed Vibration on Structures and Equipment, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, pp. 63-76.
33.Hong N.K. and Hong S.G. (2014) “Multi-level evaluation of stone pagodas under earthquake loading.” The 16th Japan-Taiwan-Korea Joint Seminar on Earthquake Engineering for Building Structures, Seoul, Korea, September 19-20.
34.Hong Hao and Yun Zhou (2012) “Dynamic response of rigid blocks to imultaneous horizontal and vertical ground shock.” Advances in Structural Engineering, 15(7).
35.Hutchinson T. C.and Chaudhuri S. R. (2006) “Bench–shelf system dynamic characteristics and their effects on equipment and contents.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 35:1631-1671.
36.Hwang J S and Hsu T Y (2000), “Experimentalstudy ofisolatedbuilding undertriaxial groundexcitations.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 126(8):879-886.
37.IBC (2003) International Building Codes, International Code Council, Falls Church, Virginia.
38.Inoue K., Morishita K. and Fujita T. (2004) “Development of three-dimensional seismic isolation technology for next generation nuclear power plant in Japan.” 2004 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, 8:29-34, July 25-29, San Diego, California, USA, PVP2004-2930.
39.Jin Y. L., Wu T. X., and Li Z. G. (2012) “Shaking table tests and numerical analysis for vertical seismic response of quayside container cranes.” International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 12(5):1250034.
40.Ju S. H., Liu C. W., and Wu K. Z. (2000) “3D analyses of buildings under vertical component of earthquakes.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 126:1196-1202.
41.Junji Suhara, Tadashi Tamura, Yasuo Okada and Katsuhiko Umeki (2002) “Development of three dimensional seismic isolation device with laminated rubber bearing and rolling seal type air spring.” 2002 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference Seismic Engineering, 2:43-48, August 5-9, Vancouver, BC, Canada, PVP2002-1430.
42.Kafle B., Paton-Cole V. P., Lam N. T. K., Gad E. F., and Wilson J. L. (2009) “Shaking table tests on strength degradation behavior.” Annual Technical Conference of the Australian Earthquake Engineering Society, New Castle, New South Wales, Dec. 11-13, 2009.
43.Kashiwazaki Akihiro, Tanaka Motoaki, Tokuda Naoki, Enomoto Takao (1989) “Earthquake and microtremor isolation floor system utilizing air springs and laminated rubber bearings.” Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part C, 55(512):847-852.
44.Kim S. J., Holub C. J., and Elnashai A. S. (2011) “Analytical assessment of the effect of vertical earthquake motion on RC bridge piers.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 137:252-260.
45.Kitamura S., Okamura S., and Takahashi K. (2005) “Experimental study on vertical component seismic isolation system with coned disk spring.” Proceedings of PVP2005, 2005 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference, July 17-21, Denver, Colorado USA, PVP2005-71356.
46.Koikegami, H., Omata, I. and Chiba, T. (1986) “The effects of seismic isolation on seismic response considering fluid-structure interaction and sloshing of pool-type lmfbr reactor tanks.” ASME 1986 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, 108:155-161, July 20-24, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
47.Konstantinidis D. and Makris N. (2005) “Experimental and analytical studies on the seismic response of freestanding and anchored laboratory equipment.” Report No. PEER 2005-07, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. University of California, Berkeley.
48.Konstantinidis D. and Makris, N. (2009) “Experimental and analytical studies on the response of freestanding laboratory equipment to earthquake shaking.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 38(6):827-848.
49.Lam N. T. K. and Gad E. F. (2008) “Overturning of non-structural components in low-moderate seismicity regions.” EJSE Special Issue: Earthquake Engineering in the low and moderate seismic regions of Southeast Asia and Australia, 121-132.
50.Le Val Lund, T. D. O'Rourke, Thomas Cooper, Ed Matsuda, Alex Tang, Mark Pickett, Curtis Edwards, Bob Hayden, Carl Strand, Michael O'Rourke, Rulon Fronk, Dennis Ostrom, Anshel Schiff, and Ron Tognazzini (1995) “Lifelines. .” Earthquake Spectra, April 1995, 11(S2):143-244.
51.Legeron F. and Sheikh M. N. (2009) “Bridge support elastic reactions under vertical earthquake ground motion.” Engineering Structures, 31:2317-2326.
52.Lin F. R., Cheng C. W., Chen M. F., and Wang S. J. (2011) “A full-scale experimental study on seismic behavior of vibration isolated mechanical/electrical equipment.” Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering Building an Earthquake-Resilient Society, Auckland, New Zealand, April 14-16, 2011.
53.Loghman V., Khoshnoudian F., and Banazadeh M. (2013) “Effect of vertical component of earthquake on seismic responses of triple concave friction pendulum base-isolated structures.” Journal of Vibration and Control, DOI:10.1177/1077546313503359.
54.Lopez G. D. and Soong T. T. (2003a) “Sliding fragility of block-type nonstructural components. Part 1: Unrestrained Components.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 32(1): 111-129.
55.Lopez G. D. and Soong T. T. (2003b) “Sliding fragility of block-type nonstructural components. Part 2: Restrained Components.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 32(1): 131-149.
56.Lu L. Y. (2001) “Seismic test of modal control with direct output feedback for building structures.” Structural Engineering and Mechanicsl, 16(6):633-656
57.Lu L. Y., Hung J. H. and Lin P. Y. (2014) “Seismic simulation test of equipment protection by using a fuzzy-controlled smart isolation system.” Journal of Vibration and Control, 20(16): 2501-2520.
58.Lu, L.Y., Chen P. R. and Pong K. W. (2016) “Theory and experiment of an inertia-type vertical isolation system for seismic protection of equipment.” Journal of Sound and Vibration, 366:44-61.
59.Luco J.E., Ozcelik O., Conte J.P. and Mendoza L.H. (2011) “Experimental study of the dynamic interaction between the foundation of the NEES/UCSD Shake table and the surrounding soil: Reaction block response.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 31(7):954-973
60.Lutao Yan, Zhipeng Yang, and Hong Li, (2013) “Design of the Interval between Reaction Mass and Foundation in Vibration Test System.” Applied Mechanics and Materials, 321-324 :17−22.
61.Maria Ofelia Moroni, Mauricio Sarrazin and Pedro Soto (2012) “Behavior of instrumented base-isolated structures during the 27 February 2010 Chile Earthquake.” Earthquake Spectra, 28(S1):S407–S424.
62.Matthew J. DeJong and Elias G. Dimitrakopoulos (2014) “Dynamically equivalent rocking structures.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 43:1543-1563
63.Mehmet U. and Gordon P. W. (2014) “Optimal cost-effective topology of column bearings for reducing vertical acceleration demands in multistory base-isolated buildings.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 43:1107–1127.
64.Meirovitch, L. (1990). Dynamics and control of structures. John Wiley & Sons.
65.Memari A. M., Maneetes H., and Bozorgnia Y. (2004) “Study of the effect of near-source vertical ground motion on seismic design of precast concrete cladding panels.” Journal of Architectural Engineering, 10:167-184.
66.Mitsuru Kageyama, Tsutomu Iba, Takahiro Somaki, Hisako Hino and Katsuhiko Umeki (2002) “Development of cable reinforced 3-dimensional base isolation air spring.” 2002 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference Seismic Engineering, 2:19-25, August 5-9, Vancouver, BC, Canada, PVP2002-1427.
67.Mitsuru Kageyama, Yoshihiko Hino and Satoshi Moro (2004) “Study on three-dimensional seismic isolation system for next generation nuclear power plant: independent cable reinforced rolling-seal air spring.” 2004 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference Seismic Engineering, 2: 49-56, July 25–29, San Diego, California, USA, PVP2004-2933.
68.Mori Shigenobu, Suhara Junji, Kurosawa Itaru, Saruta Masaaki, Okada Keiichi, Tomizawa Tetsuya, Tsuyuki Yasuo and Fujita Takafumi (2012) “Simulation analysis of free vibration test in a building “Chisuikan” using three-dimensional seismic base isolation system.” 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (WCEE), 10:8119.
69.MTS Systems Corporation (2015) “NCREE south branch 02: foundation harmonic motion analysis v2.” MTS Systems Corporation Proprietary Data
70.Naeim, F. and J. M. Kelly (1999) “Design of Seismic Isolated Structures, Chapter 4.” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
71.Okada Y., Suhara J., Tamura T., Ohta K., and Moro S. (2003) “Development of three dimensional seismic isolation device with laminated rubber bearing and rolling seal type air spring.” GENES4/ANP, Sep. 15-19, Kyoto, Japan, Paper 1206.
72.Ou Y C, Song J and Lee G C (2010) “A parametric study of seismic behavior of roller seismic isolation bearings for highway bridge.” Earthquake Engineering And Structural Dynamics , 39:541-559.
73.Papazoglou A. J. and Elnashai A. S. (1996) “Analytical and field evidence of the damaging effect of vertical earthquake ground motion.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 25:1109-1137.
74.Pol D. Spanos, Panayiotis C. Roussis, Nikolaos P.A. Politis (2001) “Dynamic analysis of stacked rigid blocks.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 21:559-578.
75.Politopoulos I. and Moussallam N. (2012) “Horizontal floor response spectra of base-isolated buildings due to vertical excitation.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 41:587-592.
76.Prakash, S. (1981) Soil Dynamics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, U.S.A.
77.Sankaranarayanan R. (2007) “Seismic response of acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components mounted on moment-resisting frame structures.” Doctoral Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. College Park: University of Maryland.
78.Sarno L.D., Elnashai A. S., and Manfredi G. (2011) “Assessment of RC columns subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motions recorded during the 2009 L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake.” Engineering Structures, 33:1514-1535.
79.Schiff A. J. (1991) “Museums.” Earthquake Spectra: October 1991, 7,(S1):131-140.
80.Sherafati, A., Ahmadi, F. and Maleki, S. (2015) “Seismic energy dissipation in bridges with air springs.” Scientia Iranica, 22: 1954-1963
81.Shi, B., A. Anooshehpoor, Y. Zeng and J.N. Brune. (1996) “Rocking and overturning of precariously balanced rocks by earthquake.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86(5):1364-1371.
82.Shimada T., Fujiwaka T., Moro S., and Ikutama S. (2004) “Study on three-dimensional seismic isolation system for next-generation nuclear power plant hydraulic three-dimensional base isolation system.” Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, August 1-6, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Paper No. 788.
83.Singh, A.K. and Bhatia, K.G. (1989). “Base isolation of equipment and system.” Bulletin of Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, 26(4):39-48.
84.Srinivasulu, P. and Vaidyanathan, V. (1980) Handbook of Machine Foundations, Tata McGrawHill Publishing Company, New Delhi.
85.Takahashi K., Inoue K., Morishita M. and Fujita T. (2005) “Development of three-dimensional seismic isolation technology for next generation nuclear power plant applications.” 2005 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, 8:183-190, July 17-21, Denver, Colorado, USA, PVP2005-71357.
86.Takahiro Shimada, Junji Suhara and Kazuhiko Inoue (2005) “Three dimensional seismic isolation system for next-generation nuclear power plant with rolling seal type air spring and hydraulic rocking suppression system.“ 2005 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, 8:183-190, July 17–21, Denver, Colorado, USA, PVP 2005-71376.
87.Takayuki Miyagawa, Tomoyoshi Watakabe, Tomohiko Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi Fukasawa and Shigeki Okamura (2017) “Research and development of three dimensional seismic isolation system utilized coned-disc-springs with rubber bearings.” 2017 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Vol. 8, July 16-20, Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA, PVP2017-65549.
88.Tanaka Motoaki, Tokuda Naoaki, Yokozawa Jun-ichi, Aizawa Ken-ichi, Kashiwazaki Akihior, Kobayashi Munehiro, Matsumoto Sabro, Enomoto Takao (1989) “Development of earthquake and microtremor isolation floor system utilizing air springs and laminated rubber bearings.” IHI Engineering Review (English Edition), 22(2):47-52.
89.Taniguchi T. and Miwa T. (2004) “Slip displacement analysis of freestanding rigid bodies subjected to earthquake motions.” Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, August 1-6, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Paper No. 437.
90.Tao Li, Dagen Weng, Yuan Zhou and Yang Zhao(2014) “Shaking table testsand nonlinear time-history analyses of multiple friction pendulum base-isolated building subjected to earthquakes with vertical components.” Sixth World Conference on Structural Control and Monitoring, July 15-17, Barcelona, Spain, Paper No. 510.
91.Tetsuya Hagiwara, Junji Suhara and Satoshi Moro (2004) “Three-dimensional seismic isolation device with rolling seal type air spring.” 2004 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference Seismic Engineering, 2:43-48, July 25–29, San Diego, California, USA, PVP2004-2932.
92.Tokuda, N., Kashiwazaki, A. and Akimoto, M. (1987) “Shaking Test of 3-Dimensional Isolator by Using Air Spring and Rubber Bearing.” 1987 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference Seismic Engineering, 127:421-428, June 28-July 2, San Diego, California, USA
93.Tomizawa Tetsuya, Takahashi Osamu, Aida Hiromasa, Suhara Junji, Okada Keiichi, Tsuyuki Yasuo, Suzuki Takio and Fujita Takafumi (2011) “Earthquake Observation Record in a Building named "Chisuikan.” 2011 Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) World Conference, October 10-12, TS30-04, COEX, Seoul, KOREA.
94.Tomizawa Tetsuya, Takahashi Osamu, Suhara Junji, Okada Keiichi, Tsuyuki Yasuo and Fujita Takafumi, Aida Hiromasa, Saruta Masaaki and Suzuki Takio (2012) “Vibration test in a building named "Chisuikan" using three-dimensional seismic isolation system.” 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (WCEE), 10:7474.
95.Tomizawa Tetsuya, Takahashi Osamu, Suhara Junji, Okada Keiichi, Tsuyuki Yasuo and Fujita Takafumi (2013) “Vibration test in a building named "Chisuikan" using three-dimensional seismic isolation system.” ISEC 2013 - 7th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference: New Developments in Structural Engineering and Construction, pp. 791-796.
96.Toshihiko Asami, Yasutaka Yokota, Masahito Okura, Tomohiko Ise, Itsuro Honda and Hiroya Sakamoto (2013) “Validation of the accuracy of approximation in a design formula for an air spring by using numerical analysis.” 2013 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, July 14–18, Paris, France, PVP2013-97724.
97.Tsuji Y., Sasaki T., Waters T., Fujito K. and Wang D. (2014) “A nonlinear vibration isolator based on a post-buckled inverted l-shaped beam.” Sixth World Conference on Structural Control and Monitoring, July 15-17, Barcelona, Spain, Paper No. 376.
98.Tsujiuchi N., Ito A., Sekiya Y., Nan C., and Yasuda M. (2016) “Characterization and performance evaluation of a vertical seismic isolator using link and crank mechanism.” 13th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, MOVIC and the 12th International Conference on Recent Advances in Structural Dynamics, RASD, July 4, Vol.744.
99.Wang, S.J., Yu, C.H., Lin, W.C., Hwang, J.S. and Chang, K.C. (2016) “Effect of vertical excitation on horizontal performance of sloped rolling-type seismic isolation bearings.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Infrastructure and Construction, ICSIC 2016, pp. 435-440.
100.Wang T, Li J. and Wang F. (2015) “Experimental study on thick rubber bearings of three-dimensional isolation of nuclear power plants.” Nuclear Power Engineering, 36(5): 37-40.
101.Warn G. P. and Whittaker A. S. (2008) “Vertical earthquake loads on seismic isolation systems in bridges.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 134:1696-1704.
102.Xu Z. D., Tu Q., and Guo Y.F. (2011) “Experimental study on vertical performance of multidimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation devices for long-span reticulated structures.” Journal of Vibration and Control, DOI: 10.1177/1077546311429338.
103.Yang, Y. B., Lu L.Y. and Yau J. D. (2005) “Chapter 22: Structure and Equipment Isolation.” Vibration and Shock Handbook,edited by C. W. de Silva, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
104.Yao G. C. and Lin C. C. (2000) “Identification of earthquake damaged operational and functional components in hospital buildings.” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 23(4): 409-416.
105.Yau J. D. and Fryba L. (2007) “Response of suspended beams due to moving loads and vertical seismic ground excitations.” Engineering Structures, 29:3255-3262.
106.Zeng H., Zhao J., and Wand K. (2013) “Design and theoretical studies of pulsatile hydraulic vertical isolation device.” Advanced Materials Research, 619:508-511.
107.Zhao Y., Su J., and Lu M. (2012) “Experimental study on vertical base-isolated system with disk spring.” Applied Mechanics and Materials, 166-169:788-792.
108.王彥博 (2004)，「高科技廠房的震害防治」，建築設備與高科技精密設施之減震系統研討會，國立中興大學，台灣。
109.洪俊宏 (2011) “設備於建物中之耐震策略分析與實驗” 國立高雄第一科技大學，營建工程系碩士論文，七月。
110.建築物耐震設計規範及解說 (2011)，中華民國內政部營建署，民國一百年七月。
111.馬榮華 (2004)，「廠務管理與科技」，揚智出版社。
112.夏禾、曹艷梅 (2004)，「軌道交通引起的環境振動問題」，鐵道科學與工程學報，第1卷，第1期，44-51 頁。
113.彭冠文 (2015) ，「建物中設備水平與垂直雙向隔震技術支實驗與理論研究」，國立高雄第一科技大學，營建工程系碩士論文，六月。
114.李忠誠 (1991)，「動力方程式的拉普拉式解法及其在隔震系統上的應用」，國立台灣大學，土木工程研究所碩士論文，六月。
115.楊貴春、何鋒、陳茜、陳松、楊升(2006) , “ Vertical Characteristic Analysis of Air Spring Using FEA Based on MSC Marc ” 計算機輔助工程，15卷，97 – 299。
116.楊炫智、柯永彥、林威延 (2012)，「運用數值模擬方式探討用過核子燃料乾式貯存設備之受震反應」，中華民國第十一屆結構工程研討會暨第一屆地震 工程研討會，台中。
117.張利國、張嘉鍾、魏英杰、黄文虎(2010), “附加氣室空氣彈簧動力學模型及其特性研究“，北京理工大學學報，30卷10期，P1135 - 1138+1146 。
118.滿楠、張新娜、李東升(2010) “彈簧隔振系統試驗研究與性能分析”，噪聲與振動控制，第四期，第89−92 頁。
119.賴姿妤、柴駿甫、林凡茹、林震宇、周佩芳、黃振綱、吳元傑 (2012)，「核能電廠─電氣盤體振動台實驗研究」，中華民國第十一屆結構工程研討會暨 第一屆地震工程研討會，台中。
120.盧煉元、林建宏、林錦榮 (2004)，「非線性狀態空間法於消能結構分析之應用」，中國土木水利工程學刊，第十六卷，第四期，621-634。
121.盧煉元、張婉妮 (2000)，「垂直地震力對滑動式隔震結構之影響」，第五屆結構工程研討會，南投縣溪頭，8月28 ~ 30日，251~257頁。
122.盧煉元、張婉妮 (2001)，「垂直地震力對滑動式隔震結構之影響」，國家地震工程研究中心報告，報告編號 NCREE-01-025。
123.盧煉元、鍾立來(1999)”國內外結構控制技術之進展”，土木技術（防災科技專題），四月號，第14期，81-95頁。
124.薛嘉傑 (2013) ，「垂直及水平地震力作用下框架式結構振動效應對設備反應之影響」，國立高雄第一科技大學，營建工程系碩士論文，七月。