運動員在競技場上需適應環境變化做出調整，因此便開始探討運動員在不同認知功能上的表現，從中發現多數運動員比非運動員有更好的表現。多項研究顯示運動員有較快的反應時間，但單純以反應時間作為觀察變數並無法瞭解影響表現差異的機制為何。因此，本研究將利用系統多因子技術 (Systems Factorial Technology) 之特性，進一步瞭解運動員認知優勢之決策機制。包括架構、終止原則以及處理容量。此外，同時也使用腦電波中的事件相關電位來探討神經機轉，包含與視覺處理相關的N1波，以及注意力資源有關的P3。目的：本研究旨在利用認知行為表現觀察桌球選手以及非運動員在訊息處理的歷程與神經機制之差異。方法：本研究招募大專甲組桌球選手各20名，以及無運動專長、年齡與性別相仿的非運動員20名。使用雙光點偵測作業來評估視覺空間注意力的能力以及注意力資源的投入，將利用系統多因子技術探討桌球選手與非運動員在決策歷程之處理架構及終止原則。並在認知作業中同步收錄腦電波，以常用的事件相關電位做分析。其中，以N1波和P3波的振幅及潛時來探討神經機制。本研究將藉由以上兩種工具，進一步釐清運動員的優勢是否源自於訊息處理方式的不同以及神經功能的表現。結果：桌球選手的平均反應時間顯著地快於控制組，但兩組的處理架構及終止原則皆無差異。另一方面，腦電波中N1振幅與潛時並未發現差異，但桌球選手在P3潛時快於控制組，同時其P3振幅也大於控制組。結論：桌球選手在偵測作業中反應時間較佳，不過優秀的表現並非是有不同的處理架構或視覺注意力，但可能經由長期的訓練使得桌球選手，投入更多的注意力資源以及較快的處理速度可能才是解釋反應時間較佳的原因。

Athletes need to adapt to environmental change and adjustments in arena. Therefore, we began to explore the performance of athletes in different cognitive functions, found that most athletes have better performance than non-athletes. Most studies point out athletes have faster response time, however, relying solely on response time cannot reveal the mechanisms behind performance differences. Therefore, our study will utilize the characteristics of Systems Factorial Technology (SFT) to further understand the decision mechanisms underlying cognitive advantages in athletes, include processing architecture, stopping role, processing capacity. Additionally, we will also employ event-related potentials (ERPs) from brainwave activity to investigate neural mechanisms, including the N1 wave associated with visual processing and P3 component related to attentional resources. The study recruits 20 table tennis players in athletic group and 20 graduate students with no prior specialization in any sports for the control group. A double-dot task will be employed to assess visual spatial attention abilities and allocation of attentional resources. Results indicated that athletic group exhibited faster mean response time compared to control group, however, there were no difference in the processing structure and stooping role between the two group. Meanwhile, there were no difference in N1 amplitude and latency, but table tennis group showed faster P3 latency and greater amplitude than control group. In conclusion, table tennis player exhibited superior processing speed. However, this advantage is not attributed to processing architecture or stopping role. This could be attributed to their long-term training, enabling them to react more quickly and allocate a greater quantity of attentional resources.

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