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研究生： 孫偉傑
Lacson, Carl Francis Zulueta
論文名稱： 以化學沉澱及流體化床結晶法處理及回收工業廢水中之氟化物
FLUORIDE REMOVAL FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION BASED TREATMENT AND POTENTIAL RECOVERY BY FLUIDIZED-BED CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS
指導教授： 黃耀輝
Huang, Yao-Hui
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2021
畢業學年度： 109
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 260
中文關鍵詞： 氟化物 、化學沉降 、顆粒輔助沉澱 、流體化床結晶 、流體化床均質結晶
外文關鍵詞： Fluoride, Chemical Precipitation, Ballasted Precipitation, Fluidized bed crystallization, Fluidized-Bed Homogenous Crystallization
相關次數： 點閱：127  下載：0 
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    • TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii 提要 vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT ix List of Acronyms and definition xi List of Figures xvii List of tables xxi 1. The Problem and Its Background 1-1 1.1. Introduction 1-1 1.2. Rationale 1-5 1.3. Objectives 1-7 1.4. Null Hypotheses 1-8 1.4.1. Conventional Precipitation with Ballast Selection 1-8 1.4.2. Ballast-assisted precipitation 1-8 1.4.3. Fluidized-bed homogenous crystallization 1-8 1.5. Significance of the study 1-9 1.5.1. Academe 1-9 1.5.2. Engineering Technology 1-9 1.5.3. Economy 1-10 1.5.4. Environment 1-10 1.5.5. Industry 1-10 1.6. Conceptual Framework 1-11 1.6.1. Key Perspectives 1-11 1.6.2. Fundamental Motivations 1-13 1.7. Theoretical Framework 1-15 1.7.1. Framework for the preliminary experiment 1-16 1.7.2. Framework for parametric study of BP 1-17 1.7.3. Framework for optimization study of BP 1-18 1.7.4. Framework for FBHC study 1-19 1.8. Scope and limitation 1-20 1.8.1. General Workflow 1-20 1.8.2. Limitation 1-20 2. Review of related literature 2-1 2.1. Background 2-1 2.1.1. Industrial pathway 2-3 2.1.2. Fluoride Hydro-environmental pathway 2-4 2.1.3. Biological pathway 2-5 2.2. Global standards and incidence of fluoride 2-7 2.2.1. Fluoride in Natural Waters World-wide 2-7 2.2.2. Fate and adverse impact on human health 2-8 2.2.3. Statistics of fluoride-related disease 2-10 2.2.4. Water Standards of Fluoride in Different Countries 2-12 2.3. Literature Analysis 2-16 2.3.1. Fluoride removal in Water: Previous Reviews 2-17 2.3.2. Objective and Methods 2-18 2.4. Fluoride Treatments 2-22 2.4.1. Sorption 2-22 2.4.2. Precipitation/Crystallization 2-29 2.4.3. Membrane 2-35 2.4.4. Hybrid treatments and Bioremediation 2-41 2.5. Comparison of different treatments 2-46 2.5.1. Treatment Efficiencies 2-46 2.5.2. Operational Cost Comparison 2-51 2.6. Perspective and Future Research Direction 2-53 2.7. Summary 2-55 2.8. Chemical Precipitation Theoretical Computations 2-56 3. Methodology 3-1 3.1. Research Design 3-1 3.2. Experimental Procedure 3-1 3.2.1. Chemicals 3-1 3.2.2. Analytical methods and characterization 3-3 3.3. Experimental set-up 3-6 3.3.1. Batch reactor 3-6 3.3.2. FB-systems 3-7 3.4. Design of Experiments 3-10 4. Results, Analysis, and interpretation of data 4-1 4.1. Conventional Precipitation and Ballast Selection 4-2 4.1.1. Variation of initial fluoride concentration 4-2 4.1.2. Effects and selection of different precipitant salt 4-11 4.1.3. Selection of Optimum ballast 4-21 4.2. Ballast-assisted precipitation 4-31 4.2.1. Parametric Study 4-31 4.2.2. Optimization study by BBD-RSM 4-33 4.3. Re-attempt of FBHC by CaF2 4-54 4.3.1. Atypical CaF2-Particle Formation 4-55 4.3.2. Comparison of CaCO3 and CaF2 FBHC synthesis 4-59 4.3.3. High initial fluoride concentration 4-60 4.3.4. Influence of inflow rate under NIR condition 4-62 4.3.5. Influence of Bed-Support size 4-66 4.3.6. Effect of Suppressed Flow (through reactor structure) 4-68 4.3.7. Comparison of recovered particle 4-73 4.4. Modified FBHC (Supplementary) 4-74 5. Conclusions and Recommendations 5-1 5.1. General Summary 5-1 5.2. Conclusions 5-2 5.2.1. Conventional coagulation-flocculation precipitation and ballast selection 5-2 5.2.2. Ballast-assisted precipitation 5-3 5.2.3. Fluidized-bed crystallization 5-3 5.3. Recommendations 5-4 Appendix A: Economic pathways and Sustainable Development I Appendix B: Table summary of the related studies used in Review II Appendix C: FBC reactor drawings and specifications XXIII Appendix D: Preliminary CP Experiments XXIV Appendix E: CP experiment for 1,000 ppm F- XXV Appendix F: CP experiment with 500 ppm F- in 5-L to validate no recoverable solids could be filtered even at higher volume XXVI Appendix G: Preliminary CP experiment with different precipitant with varying concentrations 100-10,000 mg/L XXVI Appendix H: Sludge volume measurement from CP experiment with different precipitant salts XXVII Appendix I: Samples of recovered sludge XXVIII Appendix J: Recovered CaF2 sludge for zeta potential XXIX Appendix L: Actual FBC and FBHC set-ups XXXI Appendix M: Initial particle formation in FBHC XXXII Appendix N: Recovered particle from atypical caf2 formation in fbhC sorted in the siever XXXIII Appendix O: FBC reactor with clarifier schematic and design XXXIV Appendix P: FBC with clarifier actual set-up XXXV Appendix Q: Preliminary run for FBC with clarifier XXXVI Appendix R: Modified FBHC with use of uncommon bed-support XXXVII Appendix S: Analogous FBHC-M experiment (similar to section 4.4) with the use of Al-salt (Al2(SO4)·18H2O) XXXVIII Bibliography - 1 -

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