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研究生： 陳俊元
Cheng, Chun-Yuan
論文名稱： 含萘液晶之合成及性質研究
Synthesis and Characterization for Liquid Crystalline Polymers containing 2,6-Naphthalene group
指導教授： 蔡三元
Tsay, Sun-Yuan
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2002
畢業學年度： 90
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 134
中文關鍵詞： 4-羥基苯甲酸 、對苯二甲酸 、6-二酸 、液晶高分子 、半柔曲性 、6-羥基-2-甲酸 、乙二醇 、熔融聚合法 、4丁二醇
外文關鍵詞： LCPs, semi-flexible, melt polycondensation
相關次數： 點閱：85  下載：25 
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    • 液晶高分子具有高耐熱性、高強度、低的熱膨脹係數及加工性佳等優良的物性，為近年來工業界及學術界積極開發的一種新型高分子材料。廣泛應用於電子零件及精密機械零組件等。
    　　大部分的文獻中均是以隨機共聚合的方式來合成熱向性液晶高分子，比如：POB-PET及POB-PON。本研究以Vectra液晶為起點，參考Vectra液晶之合成技術及工業上PET製程，在其主鏈結構中導入軟鏈段，分兩階段(酯化段與聚合段)來合成有序半柔曲性之含聚酯液晶聚合物。所得的產物藉由IR、NMR、EA、XRD、TGA、DSC及DMA探討其組成及熱性質，以SEM、POM了解其表面形態並觀察液晶相之變化。
    　　實驗結果顯示：合成的液晶聚合物本性黏度在0.35~0.54(dl/g)之間，熱裂解溫度均達400℃以上，並具有耐溶劑性、低吸溼率等優點。以SEM觀察，可見到緻密的微纖結構，由此可看出其自我補強的特性。在POM的觀察中，可見到聚合物均呈現向列型(nematic)液晶相，並有寬廣的液晶相溫度範圍(△Tmeso)。

    Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) are currently receiving remarkable attention for their excellent mechanical properties , thermal stabilities and chemical resistances and widely used in electronic parts and precision machinery parts. In recent years , it has been a new material of considerable interest scientifically and commercially.

    Most synthesized TLCPs were close to random copolymers such as in the case of copoly(oxybenzoate-p-ethylene terephthalate) (POB-PET) and copoly(oxybenzoate-p-oxynaphthalate) (POB-PON). In this research , we refer to the technology of Vectra’s polymerization and the industrial processes of PET. Added the soft segment into the main chain of Vectra to form the sequent semi-flexible naphthalene based TLCPs by two steps processes (esterification and acidolysis melt polycondensation). The TLCPs products are characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR to analyze polymer structure and composition. The thermal properties such as Tg , Tm and Td are analyzed with TGA , DSC and DMA. The crystalline , morphology and mesophase are observed by XRD , SEM and POM.

    The analytic results of the research demonstrate that : all the polymers had inherent viscosities of 0.35~0.54(dl/g) and good anti-solvent properties. The initial decomposition temperature (at 5 wt% loss) are above 400 oC and all have low hygroscopicity. The melting point are about 180~270 oC ; glass transition temperature are in the range of 87~112 oC depending on the number of polymethylene units. To observe the morphology of the polymer : shown strong orientation on the surface in the flow direction and many micro-fibers structure in a sectional drawing , that so called self-reinforcing. The optical textures of the polymers revealed a strong birefringence in the melts and imply that they form nematic mesophase. All the polymers have broad mesophase temperature range (△Tmeso).

    總目錄 中文摘要…………………………………………………………….………Ⅰ 英文摘要………………………………………………………………….…Ⅱ 誌謝……………………………………………………………………….…Ⅲ 總目錄…………………………………………………………………….…Ⅳ 表目錄…………………………………………………………………….…Ⅵ 圖目錄………………………………………………………………..……...Ⅶ 主文 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………….……1 1-1 前言……………………………………………………………….….1 1-2 液晶簡史…..………..…………………………………………….….3 1-3 液晶高分子之特性………………………………………………..…6 1-4 液晶高分子的應用…………………………………………………13 1-5 研究動機……………………………………………………………19 第二章 原理與文獻回顧……………………………………………...……20 2-1 液晶高分子的類型………………………………………………....20 2-2 液晶高分子的形成方式……..……………………………………..25 2-3 熱向性液晶之合成方法..…………………………………………..29 2-4 熱向性LCP之分子結構及分類…………………………………...32 2-5 熱向性LCP的發展………………………………………………...39 2-6 熱向性LCP的改質………………………………………………...43 第三章 實驗部分………………………………………………...………....53 3-1 藥品…………………………………………………………...…….53 3-2 實驗設備及儀器……………………………………………...…….54 3-3 合成步驟……………………………………………………...…….56 3-4 儀器分析方法………………………………………………...…….60 第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………………...……70 4-1 製程之探討……………………………………………………...….70 4-2 酯化物的結構分析……….………………………………...………75 4-3 液晶聚合物之成份分析與性質測試………….………………...…81 4-4 液晶性質之鑑定...……………………………………………….....93 第五章 結論………………………………………………………….……130 第六章 參考文獻……………………………………………………….....131 自述…………………………………………………………………...……134 表目錄 Table 1-1 已上市之LCP商品及上市年份(10)………………………….……5 Table 1-2 LCP與其他塑膠在氣相焊接之尺寸安定性(12)………………..11 Table 1-3 LCP、PPS、PET可析出離子程度比較表(12).……….…………11 Table 1-4 熱向性LCP與其他工程塑膠特性比較(13)…………...…………12 Table 1-5 LCP摻合高分子材料的種類(14)………………………………..18 Table 2-1 1,4聚苯的相變化溫度(36)………………………………………35 Table 2-2 p-HBA的相變化溫度(37)….………..…………………………..35 Table 2-3 LCP產品的分類(39)………………………………….………….37 Table 2-4 常用聚酯和共聚酯的單體………………………………………42 Table 2-5 半芳香族熱向性主鏈型液晶高分子的液晶原基團通用結構…45 Table 2-6 HBA/HNA共聚物的熔融溫度(65)…..………………………….48 Table 2-7 不同芳香族二醇對液晶行為的影響(55)……………………...….50 Table 4-1 酯化物之元素分析結果..………………………………………..96 Table 4-2 液晶聚合物之元素分析結果……………………………………96 Table 4-3 液晶聚合物之熱分析表…………………………………………96 Table 4-4 聚合物之液晶性質表……………………………………………97 Table 4-5 溶解度測試表……………………………………………………97 Table 4-6半柔曲性含三個苯環液晶原的熱向性液晶性質表…………….95 圖目錄 Fig.1-1 物質的液晶態與固態和液態的示意圖……...……………………..1 Fig.1-2 膽固醇苯甲酸酯(1)…….…………………...…………..……………3 Fig.1-3 塑膠分類表(11)……………………………..………………………...7 Fig.1-4 各類型高性能熱塑性塑膠(high-performance thermoplastics)力學性 質比較圖…………………………………………………………….8 Fig.2-1 層列A相液晶結構………………………………………...………21 Fig.2-2 層列B相液晶結構………………..……………………………….21 Fig.2-3 層列C相液晶結構…………………………………………………22 Fig.2-4 層列E相液晶結構…………………………………………………22 Fig.2-5 旋光層列C相液晶結構……………………………………………23 Fig.2-6 向列型液晶高分子結構…………………………………………...24 Fig.2-7 膽固醇型液晶結構……..………………………………………….24 Fig.2-8 液晶高分子的分類(19)……………………………………..……….27 Fig.2-9 側鏈型液晶聚合物示意圖(20)..…………………………………….28 Fig.2-10 側鏈型液晶高分子之分子結構與液晶行為關係圖(20)………….28 Fig.2-11 液晶高分子之形成分類(38)…...…………….…………………….37 Fig.2-12 第一代的液晶共聚酯…………………………………………….40 Fig.2-13 第二代的液晶聚酯……………………………………………….40 Fig.2-14 第三代的熱塑性液晶聚酯………...……………………………..41 Fig.2-15 三種常用的高分子改質方式(54)………………………………….43 Fig.3-1 酯化反應裝置圖…………………………….……………………..63 Fig.3-2 預聚合反應裝置圖………………………………...………………75 Fig.3-3 聚縮合反應裝置圖………………………………………………...76 Fig.4-1 第二階段酯反應在反應溫度180℃下，轉化率與時間的關係圖.98 Fig.4-2 第二階段酯反應在反應溫度210℃下，轉化率與時間的關係圖.98 Fig.4-3 未純化前HNA之1H-NMR圖譜….…..…………………………..99 Fig.4-4 純化後HNA之1H-NMR圖譜……………………………………100 Fig.4-5 TPA之紅外線光譜分析圖….…………………………………...101 Fig.4-6 NDA之紅外線光譜分析圖……………………………………..101 Fig.4-7 HBA之紅外線光譜分析圖……………………………………..102 Fig.4-8 ABA之紅外線光譜分析圖……………………………………..102 Fig.4-9 HNA之紅外線光譜分析圖……………………………………..103 Fig.4-10 ANA之紅外線光譜分析圖……………………………………...103 Fig.4-11 ABA之1H-NMR圖譜……………………..………………….…104 Fig.4-12 ANA之1H-NMR圖譜…………………………………………...105 Fig.4-13 ABA-EG之紅外線光譜分析圖………………………………….106 Fig.4-14 ANA-EG之紅外線光譜分析圖………………………………….106 Fig.4-15 ABA-BDO之紅外線光譜分析圖………………………………..107 Fig.4-16 ANA-BDO之紅外線光譜分析圖……………………………….107 Fig.4-17 ABA-EG之1H-NMR圖譜……………………………….……....108 Fig.4-18 ANA-EG之1H-NMR圖譜…………………………………….....109 Fig.4-19 ABA-BDO之1H-NMR圖譜………………………………….…110 Fig.4-20 ANA-BDO之1H-NMR圖譜…………………………………….111 Fig.4-21 ANA-EG-TPA之1H-NMR圖譜…………………………………112 Fig.4-22 ABA-EG-NDA之1H-NMR圖譜………………………………...112 Fig.4-23 ANA-EG-TPA之TGA圖……………………………..…………113 Fig.4-24 ANA-BDO-TPA之TGA圖……………………………………....113 Fig.4-25 ABA-EG-NDA之TGA圖………………………………………..114 Fig.4-26 ABA-BDO-NDA之TGA圖……………….…………………….114 Fig.4-27各試樣在氮氣環境下之TGA綜合比較圖…….………………..115 Fig.4-28 ABA-BDO-NDA之DSC升溫曲線圖………………………...…116 Fig.4-29 ANA-BDO-TPA之DSC升溫曲線圖…………………………...116 Fig.4-30 ANA-EG-TPA之DSC升溫曲線圖…….……………………….117 Fig.4-31 ABA-EG-NDA之DSC升溫曲線圖…………………………….117 Fig.4-32 ANA-BDO-TPA之DMA圖……………………………………..118 Fig.4-33 ABA-BDO-NDA之DMA圖…………………………………….118 Fig.4-34 ABA-EG-NDA之DMA圖………………………………………119 Fig.4-35 ANA-EG-TPA之DMA圖……………………………………….119 Fig.4-36 X-ray圖譜中結晶度之計算……………………………………….88 Fig.4-37 液晶高分子聚合物之XRD圖…………………………………..120 Fig.4-38 ABA-BDO-NDA之SEM照片 (倍率 500)…………………….120 Fig.4-39 ABA-BDO-NDA之SEM照片 (倍率 1000)..………………….121 Fig.4-40 ANA-BDO-TPA之SEM照片 (倍率 1000)…………………….121 Fig.4-41 ANA-EG-TPA之SEM照片 (倍率 1500)..…………………….122 Fig.4-42 ABA-EG-NDA之SEM照片 (倍率 3000).…………………….122 Fig.4-43 ANA-BDO-TPA之SEM照片 (倍率 200).…………………….123 Fig.4-44 ABA-BDO-NDA之SEM照片 (倍率 600)…………………….123 Fig.4-45 ANA-EG-TPA之SEM照片 (倍率 1000)..…………………….124 Fig.4-46 ABA-EG-NDA之SEM照片 (倍率 1000).…………………….124 Fig.4-47 ANA-EG-TPA之SEM照片 (倍率 2000)..…………………….125 Fig.4-48 ANA-EG-TPA之SEM照片 (倍率 3460)..…………………….125 Fig.4-49 ABA-BDO-NDA在285℃之photomicrograph (倍率 600)…….126 Fig.4-50 ANA-BDO-TPA在300℃之photomicrograph (倍率 240)……...126 Fig.4-51 ABA-EG-NDA在320℃之photomicrograph (倍率 240)……….127 Fig.4-52 ABA-BDO-NDA在350℃之photomicrograph (倍率 600)…….127 Fig.4-53 ABA-BDO-NDA在350℃之photomicrograph (倍率 960)…….128 Fig.4-54 ABA-BDO-NDA從350℃冷卻之photomicrograph (倍率 960).128 Fig.4-55 ANA-EG-TPA在330℃之photomicrograph (倍率 600)……….129 Fig.4-56 ANA-EG-TPA在290℃之photomicrograph (倍率 960)……….129

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