核糖體是由一大一小的次單元所組成的巨大複合物，組成分為核糖體RNA與核糖體蛋白，在所有生物體內執行蛋白質合成的任務。過去普遍地認為核糖體的組成是一致的，並且核糖體蛋白應該都要到位才會進行蛋白質合成，因此視核糖體為生物體內不會變動的管家基因(housekeeping gene)。然而，近年來越來越多文獻闡明生物體內「專門核糖體」的存在，意謂核糖體的異質性。許多研究指出降低特異性核糖體蛋白的表達可能不會干擾整體蛋白質合成，但會關閉某些特定轉錄物的轉譯作用。本研究收集人類正常組織、發炎、大腸癌以及卵巢癌之NGS和微陣列數據，並藉由統計學分析核糖體蛋白之基因表達的方式，探討核糖體蛋白在不同的生理狀態之下之表現與功能。結果顯示，人類正常組織、發炎狀態和不同癌症階段的核糖體蛋白都有表現量上升或下降的變動情形，呼應「專門核糖體」的概念；並且藉著基因表現分析的方式，找出可能具有組織特異性與參與發炎及癌症發展相關的核糖體蛋白。這個結果不僅有助於釐清核糖體蛋白在不同狀態下適應環境需求的變動情形，還發掘了參與在發炎以及癌症的可能因子，可作為未來應用於相關疾病之參考標記。

The ribosome, a huge complex with large and small subunits that composed by ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins, is the major machine to perform the protein synthesis in all organisms. In general, we believe that the component of the ribosome complex is similar in different physiological condition, and the ribosomal proteins should be co-exist in the complex to conduct the protein synthesis. Therefore, the expression levels of ribosomal proteins should be similar in all conditions. However, more and more literature has highlighted the existence of "specialized ribosomes" in organisms recently, meaning the composition of the ribosome complex is different. Furthermore, Many studies have reported that reduced the expression of specific ribosomal protein may not interfere the overall protein synthesis, but the translation of some specific transcripts will be shutdown. In this study, we collected the ribosomal proteins expression levels from NGS and microarray data, which includes human normal tissues, inflammation condition, colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer, to explore their expression pattern under different physiological conditions. These results showed the fluctuation expression patterns of ribosomal genes in different physiological condition. Some ribosomal protein maintained a constant expression pattern, but others displayed tissue- or condition-specific expression pattern. Overall, our data not only helps us to demonstrate the expression diversity of ribosomal proteins under different situation to response environmental requirement, but also support the concept of specialized ribosome for further study.

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