目的：大學生是至成人期很重要的一個人生發展階段，不僅是獨立自主生活，還將歷經生理、心智以及社會化層面之多面向轉變而逐步邁向成熟，於此階段所建立的身體機能、生活習慣和心理韌性強度，將會是奠定成人身心健康狀態的基石。體適能代表的是身體適應生活與環境的綜合能力，好的健康體適能代表較健康的身心狀態、較低的疾病發生率與較長的健康壽命，因此，本研究希望探討大學生族群於此時期，其體適能表現和新陳代謝指標、生活型態與心理健康狀態之間的相關性。
方法：本研究對象為大學新生，共納2043位受測者，有男性1192位（58.35%）與女性851位（41.65%），男性平均年齡為19.50±0.66歲，女性平均年齡為19.45±0.61歲，受測者會接受抽血檢測新陳代謝指標、填寫生活型態問卷了解生活模式、填寫簡式健康問卷評估心理健康以及接受教育部體育署之規範的體適能檢測評估柔軟度（坐姿前彎）、肌力（立定跳遠）、肌耐力（一分鐘仰臥起坐）與心肺適能（男生1600公尺跑走/女生800公尺跑走）。以描述性統計方法分析受試者的各項基本資料，以皮爾森積差相關係數（Pearson’s product moment correlation）來分別檢定體適能與新陳代謝指標、體適能與生活形態以及體適能與心理健康狀態各變項間的關係；接著以變異數分析（Analysis of variance，簡稱ANOVA）去比較不同程度體適能變項在新陳代謝指標上的差異，然後以卡方檢定去評估不同生活形態類型在個別體適能變項表現上的差異，最後再以變異數分析來探討個別體適能變項在不同心理健康程度狀態之差異。
結果：在體適能與新陳代謝指標面向，發現體適能的肌肉適能跟新陳代謝指標之身體質量指數、血壓、三酸甘油酯與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇等變項具顯著相關，特別是在男性族群（肌力相關係數：身體質量指數 0.18／收縮壓 -0.59／舒張壓 -0.54／三酸甘油酯 -0.68／高密度脂蛋白膽固醇 0.63；肌耐力相關係數：收縮壓 -0.25／舒張壓 -0.31／三酸甘油酯 -0.51／高密度脂蛋白膽固醇 0.46；p < 0.05）。在體適能與生活型態面向，有吃早餐的習慣、每天吃蔬果的習慣、有運動的習慣和沒有沈迷網路等生活面向，在男性是肌肉適能表現較好（肌力相關係數：吃早餐的習慣 0.42／每天吃蔬果的習慣 0.34／有運動的習慣 0.53／沈迷網路 -0.33；肌耐力相關係數：吃早餐的習慣 0.36／每天吃蔬果的習慣 0.26／有運動的習慣 0.44／沈迷網路 -0.23；p < 0.05），在女性是肌耐力與柔軟度表現較好（肌耐力相關係數：吃早餐的習慣 0.41／每天吃蔬果的習慣 0.21／有運動的習慣 0.47；柔軟度相關係數：每天吃蔬果的習慣 0.14／沈迷網路 -0.38；p < 0.05）。在體適能與心理健康面向，在男性是肌耐力與心理健康狀態個別變項最具相關性（相關係數：睡眠困難 -0.50／感覺緊張不安 -0.45／感覺容易苦惱或動怒 -0.39／感覺憂鬱心情低落 -0.43／覺得比不上別人 -0.65；p < 0.05），在女性是柔軟度與心理健康狀態個別變項最具相關性（相關係數：睡眠困難 -0.64／感覺緊張不安 -0.77／感覺容易苦惱或動怒 -0.50／感覺憂鬱心情低落 -0.81；p < 0.05）。
結論：在體適能與新陳代謝指標之關係中，在男性新生，是以肌肉適能跟身體質量指數、血壓數值、三酸甘油酯數值與高密度酯蛋白膽固醇數值有顯著相關，代表肌肉適能越好的個體，其上述新陳代謝指標有較理想的趨勢。在體適能與生活型態之關係中，在男性新生，也是以肌肉適能跟吃早餐的習慣、每天吃蔬果的習慣、運動的習慣與沈迷網路有顯著相關，代表肌肉適能越好的個體，其上述生活型態有較好的趨勢；在女性族群，則是在肌耐力呈現這樣的趨勢。最後，在體適能與心理健康狀態之關係中，在男性族群，是以肌耐力跟睡眠困難、感覺緊張不安、覺得容易苦惱或動怒、感覺憂鬱心情低落與覺得比不上別人有相關，代表肌耐力越好的個體，其較不會有上述心理健康上困擾的趨勢；在女性族群，則是在柔軟度呈現這樣的趨勢。

Purpose: To explore the correlation between physical fitness and metabolic profiles, lifestyle, and mental health among university freshmen.
Methods: A total of 2043 first-year university freshmen were enrolled in the study (male 58.35%; female 41.65%). All the subjects received blood tests for metabolic profiles and fulfilled the self-administered questionnaire for lifestyle as well as mental health. The physical fitness testing included flexibility was assessed by sitting and reach, muscle power was assessed by standing long jump, muscle endurance was assessed by one-minute sit-up, and cardiovascular fitness was assessed by 1600m walk-and-run for males / 800m walk-and-run for females.
Results: There was a significant correlation between muscle fitness and metabolic profiles among male freshmen, with the correlation coefficient ranging from -0.68 to 0.63. There was also a significant correlation between muscle fitness and lifestyle parameters among male and female groups, with the correlation coefficient ranging from -0.33 to 0.53 for males and from 0.21 to 0.47 for females. In addition, a significant correlation between muscle endurance with mental health parameters among male students was found with a coefficient ranging from -0.65 to -0.39, and flexibility with mental health parameters among female students was noted with a coefficient ranging from -0.81 to -0.50.
Conclusions: Among male freshmen, there was a significant correlation between muscle fitness and metabolic parameters as well as lifestyle. The better the muscle fitness, the better metabolic condition, and the healthier lifestyle. There was a significant correlation between muscle endurance and mental health, meaning the better the muscle endurance ability, the less likely to suffer from mental stress. Among female freshmen, the significant correlation was between muscle endurance and lifestyle, like the male group, indicating the better the muscle endurance ability, the healthier lifestyle. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between flexibility and mental health, meaning the better the flexibility is, the less likely to have mental stress among female students.
Suggestion: Based on our study, we would suggest that physical fitness not only helps to understand one's physical condition but also offers a clue to one's metabolic profile trait, lifestyle trait, and mental health status.

教育部體育署體適能網站. https://www.fitness.org.tw/model07.php
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