資訊時代的來臨，隨著網路環境漸趨成熟，科技進步，上網人數遽增，網路已經變成一個強調使用者共同參與以及建構網路內容的新世代— Web2.0，如果Web1.0著重的是資訊，Web2.0強調的就是合作與社群等集體協作的概念。
開放原始碼計畫、線上社群等新勢力的崛起，廣泛結合了企業外部的創意與人才，透過網路架構促成超越疆界的合作，使得以網絡為中心的創新模式成為時勢所趨，面對進入新的網路世代，各種群眾智慧、協同合作相關網站紛紛興起，大家都還處於摸索及尋找適宜創新及經營模式的時期。因此，藉由案例研究，推論出以網路為中心之群眾智慧創新模式，將有助於未來產業的發展，同時有益於理論分析架構的建立。
本研究根據群眾智慧的兩大要素：網絡互動、創新內容輸出，以此為兩大構面，建構出由「以網絡為中心之群眾智慧創新模式」。本研究認為群眾智慧創新網站之創新可分為這四種類型，進而能透過此模型來分析群眾外包、群眾智慧創新網站的經營模式，並試圖找出不同群眾智慧應用服務所重視的要素之差異與獲利方式。
本研究發現「群眾智慧創新模式」能有效詮釋群眾智慧網站之經營模式，透過群眾智慧創新模式對研究個案進行個別分析與跨個案比較後，發現群眾智慧網站的經營模式具有以下特性：(一)使用者的角色是生產者也是消費者，透過群眾合作能找出新的利基點、(二)在創新過程中，大公司經常扮演仲介者角色，讓使用者進行創新內容產出、（三）本研究根據社群互動關係、創新產出內容、獲利基礎建構一創新模式，模式中可分為有獎徵答型、創意市集型、故事接龍型、拼圖遊戲型等四類。

Since the Internet environment has grown mature, technology has progressed, and the amount of people surfing the Internet has increased, the info-generation is coming. Nowadays the info-generation has already become a new age, emphasizing the participation of users, and constructing the content of the Internet — Web2.0. If the main spirit of Web1.0 is information, then Web2.0 emphasizes the concept of collaboration, such as cooperation and communities.
The new rising trends such as open source plans and online communities are extensively integrated with creativities and outside professionals in specific industries.
The cross-field cooperation by the Internet brings forth the network-centric innovation model as an emerging trend. Facing the coming of a new e-generation, different kinds of websites, which relate to collective intelligence and collaborative cooperation, emerge where everyone is accommodating to begin a search for a new innovation and management model. To bring this innovation, a research was conducted by using case studies to infer the network-centric innovation model for collective intelligence, and how it will benefit the development of future industry by analyzing its relative structure.
According to collective intelligence’s two main elements - Network interactions and innovation output content, this study builds Network-Centric innovation model for collective intelligence with these two dimensions. This comprises four models of collective intelligence innovation. This study further indicates that we could analyze the business model of crowdsoucing websites through the Network-Centric innovation model for collective intelligence; even, we could try to figure out what different crowdsoucing websites look upon greatly.
This study found that Network-Centric innovation model for collective intelligence could effectively narrate the business model of collective intelligence sites. Through the comparison among cases by case studying with Network-Centric innovation model, these studies found the business model of collective intelligence sites have the following attributes.
First, users play the role of the producer and also the consumer. Second, a company could find new niche by crowdsoucing. Third, Company just plays a role as agency in the innovation process of collective intelligence cases. Fourth, this research bases on network interaction, innovation output content and profits origin to build the innovation model,and it could divide in four types – The Trivia game mode, The Creative Market mode, The Story Solitaire mode, the Puzzles mode.

1.Ahonen, M., Antikainen, M., & Mkip, M. (2007). Supporting Collective Creativity within Open Innovation. European Academy of Management (EURAM) conference, Open Innovation Track, Conference Proceedings, Paris, France.
2.Antikainen, M. (2007). The attraction of company online communities. A multiple case study. Academic dissertation. Department of Management Studies, University of Tampere, Finland.
3.Atlee, T. "What is Societal Intelligence?", Feb-Oct 1993, an 8-month written dialogue involving Robert Theobald, Fran Peavey, Howard Rheingold, Willis Harman, Hazel Henderson, Andrew Schmookler, Arnold Mindell, Duane Elgin, Charles Johnston, Eleanore M. Cooper and a dozen others.
4.Bagozzi, R. P. and Dholakia, U. M. (2002). Intentional social action in consumer behaviour. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16(2): 2-21.
5.Bloom, H. (1995). The Lucifer Principle: A Scientific Expedition into the Forces of History, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
6.Brabham, D. C. (2008). "Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving: An Introduction and Cases," Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 14(1), pp. 75-90.
7.Christensen, C. M. (1997). The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
8.Donofrio, N. (2007). The Foreword of The Global Brain: Your Roadmap for Innovating Faster and Smarter in a Networked World. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Wharton School Publishing.
9.Drucker, P. (2002) Managing in the next society. New York: St. Martin's Press.
10.Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research, Academy of Management Review [AMR], 14(4), 532 - 550.
11.Flew, T. (2008). New Media: an introduction. Melbourne: Oxford University Press
12.George Pr & Tom Atlee, Forms of Collective Intelligence, Blog of Collective Intelligence, May 1 ,2006, http://www.community-intelligence.com/blogs/public/2006/05/forms_of_collective_intelligen.html
13.Goossen, R. J. (2008). E-preneur: from Wall Street to wiki: succeeding as a crowdpreneur in the new virtual marketplace. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press.
14.Goossen, R. J., "Interview with Tim O'Reilly." CrowdPreneur. 21 November 2007, 06:51 UTC. Crowdpreneur.com. 23 Nov 2008 http://www.crowdpreneur.com/blog/?page_id=23.
15.Grossman,L.(2006),‘‘Person of the Year: You,” Time magazine(52)
16.Gruen, T., Osmonbekov, T. and Czaplewski, A. (2005). How ecommunities extend the concept of exchange in marketing: An application of the motivation, opportunity, ability (MOA) theory. Marketing Theory, 5 (1): 33-49.
17.GSM World News, “Worldwide Cellular Connections Exceeds 2 Billion," September 15, 2005
18.Hagel, J. and Armstrong, A. (1997). Net gain: Expanding markets through virtual communities. Boston: McKingsey & Company.
19.Heylighen F. (1999): "Collective Intelligence and its Implementation on the Web: algorithms to develop a collective mental map," Computational and Mathematical Theory of Organizations 5(3), 253-280.
20.Horrigan, J. B., “Home Broadband Adoption 2006,” Pew Internet & American Life Project, May 28, 2006, http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Broadband_trends2006.pdf
21.Howe, J. (2006). "The Rise of Crowdsourcing," Wired magazine , June 14, 2006, Jan 12, 2008
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html
22.Howe, J. (2008). Crowdsourcing: Why the power of the crowd is driving the future of business. NY, NY: Crown Business.
23.von Hippel, E. and von Krogh, G. (2003). Open source software and the ‘private-collective’ innovation model. Organization Science 14(2): 209-223.
24.Kollock, P. (1999). The economies of online cooperation: Gifts and public goods in cyberspace. In M. Smith and P. Kollock (Eds), Communities in cyberspace. London: Routledge.
25.Libert, B. & Spector, J. (2007). We are smarter than me. Wharton School Publishing
26.Luecke, R. & Katz, R. (2003). Managing Creativity and Innovation. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
27.Malone, T. W., "What is collective intelligence and what will we do about it? ” the website of MIT center for collective intelligence ,October 13, 2006,Jan 12,2008 http://cci.mit.edu/about/MaloneLaunchRemarks.html
28.A. Das, G. Mayer-Kress, C. Gershenson, P. Das, (2003). Conferences with Internet Web-Casting as Binding Events in a Global Brain: Example Data From Complexity Digest, arXiv, cs.NI/0303023, 03/03/22
29.McKenna, K. and Bargh, J. (1999). Causes and consequences of social interaction on the Internet: A conceptual framework. Media Psychology, 1, 249-269.
30.McKenna, K. and Green, A. (2002). Virtual group dynamics. Group dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6 (1): 116-127.
31.Muffatto, M., (2006). Open Source: A Multidisciplinary Approach. London: Imperial College Press.
32.Nambisan, S. & Sawhney, M. (2007). The Global Brain: Your Roadmap for Innovating Faster and Smarter in a Networked World. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Wharton School Publishing.
33.eMarketer (2006) ,"One Billion People Online! ", eMarketer , May 18, 2006 ,Jan 12, 2008 http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?id=1003975&xsrc=article_head_sitesearchx
34.O’Reilly, T. & Musser, J. (2006). Web 2.0 Principles and Best Practices, Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media.
35.Perens, B.(1999),The Open Source Definition , Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution, http://opensource.org/docs/osd
36.Lin Po-Feng (林伯峰), 2007, A Study of Business Model of Web2.0 Innovative Application, the thesis of National Sun-Yat-Sen University
37.Pr, J., Forms of Collective Intelligence, Blog of collective intelligence, May 1, 2006, Jan 12,2008 http://www.community-intelligence.com/blogs/public/2006/05/forms_of_collective_intelligen.html
38.Ridings, C. and Gefen, D. (2004). Virtual community attraction: Why people hang out online. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 10 (1), Article 4.
39.Russell, P (1983) The Global Brain: speculations on the evolutionary leap to planetary consciousness, Boston : Houghton Mifflin
40.Schumpeter, J. A. (1950) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, New York: Harper and Row.
41.Skiba, B., Tamas, A. & Robinson, K. (2006) Web 2.0: Hype or Reality… and how will it play out? White paper of ArmaPartners. London.
42.Surowiecki, J. (2004). The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations. New York: Doubleday.
43.Taiwan Network Information Center , “Taiwan Broadband Usage Survey 2008,” http://www.twnic.net.tw/download/200307/9707all.pdf
44.Tapscott, D., & Williams, A. D. (2007). Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, USA: Penguin Group
45.Tapscott, D., & Williams, A. D. (2007) ,“Innovation in the Age of Mass Collaboration,” BusinessWeek (5)
http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/feb2007/id20070201_774736.htm
46.Tiemann, M., (2006-09-19). "History of the OSI". Open Source Initiative. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
47.Wasko, M. and Faraj, S. (2000). It is what one does: why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 9 (2-3):155-173.
48.West, J. & Gallagher, S. (2006) Open Innovation in Open Source Software. In Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., & West, J. (Eds.) Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm. 82-106.Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK.
49.GSM World (2005) "Worldwide Cellular Connections Exceeds 2 Billion", GSM World News Release, London , September 15, 2005, Jan 12,2008 http://www.gsmworld.com/news/press_2005/press05_21s.html
50.Yin, R. K. (2002) Case Study Research. Design and Methods. Third Edition. Applied social research method series Volume 5. Sage Publications. California.