植基於數學難題的傳統密碼(如：RSA，ElGamal)其安全在量子電腦和量子演算法的平行運算下相信會被破解，基於量子現象(力學)的量子密碼被研究者們在資訊安全領域中寄予厚望，因此，近十年來許多關於密碼學主題的量子協定已然被發展、被提出。
量子協定通常需要量子為資源來建立量子通道，不同的量子態有不同的量子特性也成就了各種精妙的協定。量子的糾結是量子物理的中心理論之一，也是量子力學的重要特性，它指的是多粒子量子態中粒子之間的相關性。
最近數年許多的量子協定藉由某些眾所周知的糾結態量子，如EPR pair (或貝爾糾結態Bell state）、GHZ糾結態（GHZ state）、GHZ-like糾結態 (GHZ-like state) 和W糾結態(W state) 被實現。然而，依據我們所能瞭解的知識，却少有以AKLT 基態量子為之者，而AKLT也是糾結態量子之一。AKLT是由最隣近的二主體互動鏈成量子自旋數為1 的隙裂基態量子，隙裂基態量子具有在基態與第一激態之間最小能量的能間隙。此一最小能間隙的特性讓基態量子易於維護，也因此觸動我們以AKLT 基態量子發展控制式量子協定。
所有糾結量子是以基於特有的物理機制產生，且各有其不同的量測特性而被廣泛地用於量子密碼。在本論文中簡要地描述這些糾結量子的特性，並且把重心放在特殊特性的AKLT基態量子，AKLT基態量子的特性不僅讓控制者易於控制，且也增加了量子協定的隨機性，因此在本論文中我們有更高的動機以AKLT基態量子為資源來建構我們的控制式協定。
本論文研究AKLT基態量子的特性並提出四個控制式的協定。首先，提出二個使用AKLT量子的控制式遠端準備量子態(CRSP)協定，接著我們使用AKLT基態量子發展二個控制式機率量子金鑰分配(CPQKD)協定。

It is believed that the security of classical cryptography (e.g., RSA, ElGamal), being based on mathematical problems, will be broken by the parallel computing of quantum computers and quantum computing. Researchers in the field of information security hope to overcome this using quantum cryptography, which is based on quantum phenomena (mechanics). Therefore, many quantum protocols regarding cryptography topics have been developed and proposed in this decade.
Quantum protocols always need quantum states as a resource to build their quantum channels. Different states have different properties, making protocols very masterful. Quantum entanglement, i.e., the correlation between particles in a multi-particle quantum state, is one of the central principles of quantum physics and an important property of quantum mechanics.
In recent years, many quantum protocols have been realized using well-known entangled states such as the EPR pair, GHZ state, GHZ-like state, and W state. However, to the best of our knowledge, few schemes employ the AKLT ground state, which is also an entangled state. The AKLT is the gapped ground state of a spin-1 chain with a two-body nearest-neighbor interaction. The gapped ground state has a minimized energy gap between the ground state and the first excited state. The property of the small energy gap allows the ground state to have an easy maintenance. This motivates us to develop controlled protocols using the AKLT ground state.
All entangled states are generated based on specific physical mechanisms and with different measurement properties and are widely used in quantum cryptography. The properties of these entangled states, including the AKLT state, will be briefly described in this thesis, and we will mention the AKLT ground state for its special property. The property of the AKLT state not only allows easy control by the controller but also increases the randomness in the quantum protocol. Therefore, we have more incentives to structure our controlled protocols using the AKLT ground state as a quantum resource.
This thesis investigates the properties of AKLT states and proposes four controlled protocols. First, two controlled-remote-state-preparation (CRSP) protocols using AKLT states are proposed. Then, two controlled-probabilistic-quantum-key-distribution (CPQKD) protocols are developed using AKLT states.

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