本研究利用溶膠凝膠法自製光觸媒，並藉由添加金屬鈰及非金屬硫以提升光觸媒於可見光下降解具惡臭味之含硫揮發性有機汙染物，二甲基硫(DMS)之效率，並改變硫(5 mol%)及鈰(0.1, 0.5, 1 mol%)之摻雜量、停留時間(35-180秒)、進流濃度(0.65-2.4 ppm)及絕對濕度(5-35 g/kg)以探討參數條件對於光催化效率及CO2礦化之影響。
同時利用各種輔助實驗，如XRD、TGA、BET、SEM、ICP-MS、FTIR、UV-visible及XPS特性分析以探討光觸媒之物理化學特性。TGA及XRD分析結果表示，光觸媒鍛燒溫度在500 oC可得較完整的銳鈦礦 (Anastase)晶相。透過硫及鈰的添加，經UV-visible分析可發現有明顯紅移現象。用以分析化學組態之XPS分析結果顯示，元素Ti、O、S分別以Ti4+、O2-及S6+之價數存於觸媒晶格中並鍵結為Ti-O-S，Ce則是Ce3+及Ce4+共存於觸媒中。
光催化結果表示，S5/TiO2在降低DMS進流濃度後，釋出大量的活性位基以利氫氧自由基(•OH)的生成並促使反應進行，大幅提升了光催化效果及礦化。在參數條件影響研究中發現，轉化率及礦化率皆隨停留時間的增加而增加，乃因停留時間的增加，活性位基與汙染物之接觸時間亦增加。此外，在低濃度及低水氣時可得良好之轉化率，但礦化率卻可能隨水氣的增加而增加。於最理想之條件下，轉化率可達97.84 %，CO2礦化率可達45.69 %。
在碳回收率探討部分，以7.83 ppm進流DMS，停留時間35秒，絕對濕度18g/kg，及45oC條件下，藉由GC-MS測得光催化反應後氣態DMS在第5分鐘及第10分鐘下濃度分別為3.25及2.84 ppm，而DMDS在第5分鐘及第10分鐘下濃度分別為0.55及0.47 ppm，另CO2以CO2分析儀測得濃度在第5分鐘及第10分鐘下分別為2.61及3.43 ppm。列出可能反應式後並套入公式求得碳回收率分別約為81.9及86.0 %，推測CO等其他中間產物約占15-20 %。
比較兩種動力模式，Mar & van Krevelen 模式 及 Langmuir-Hinshelwood 模式。結果顯示，DMS及水氣濃度和反應速率皆呈線性關係，且反應速率隨著溫度、DMS濃度及水氣濃度的增加而增加，而Langmuir-Hinshelwood 模式2較符合本研究之實驗數據，且推測本研究之DMS及水氣間具吸附競爭。DMS之吸附常數(KA)恆大於水氣之吸附常數(KW)，表示DMS更易吸附在觸媒表面，更易占據觸媒表面之活性位基，因此當DMS濃從約330 大幅降低至約2.4 ppm時，DMS轉換率大幅提升。根據Arrhenius equation，活化能及碰撞因子分別是42.55 (kJ/mol)及1.89×〖10〗^10(mol/min/cm3)。
光催化反應之中間產物及最終產物，透過FTIR監測並推測反應途徑，將DMS進流濃度設為2.4及4.5 ppm，絕對溼度為0及35 g/kg，並定義為dry及wet。FTIR結果顯示，波峰強度在dry及wet兩條件下具顯著差異，此結果呼應4-3.3結之假設，水氣可能促進中間產物及最終產物的生成，且中間產物會再氧化成CO2，使得隨相對濕度的增加，CO2礦化率亦增加。推測在dry條件下，O2、e-及•O2-乃反應之關鍵，C-S斷鍵及O原子反應為了主要之反應途徑。而在wet條件下，因H2O的參與，•OH成了光催化反應之關鍵，C-S斷鍵及S原子反應為兩主要之反應途徑。結果表示DMDS、DMSO、DMSO2、MSA及CO為可能之中間產物，而C及S最終產物可能為CO2及SO2或H2SO4。

The purpose of this study was to prepare different samples of Ce- and S-codoped TiO2 nanoparticles by the sol-gel method and to investigate the photocatalytic activity regarded to dimethyl sulfide degradation under visible-light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the samples simulating indoor air was evaluated under various inlet DMS concentrations, absolute humidities, and residence times. The DMS inlet concentration ranged from 0.65 to 2.4 ppm. Absolute humidity varied from 5 to 35 g/kg. The residence time was set from 35 to 180 second.
Characterization of TiO2, S/TiO2, and Ce/S/TiO2 were performed by various techniques, such as XRD, TGA, BET, SEM, ICP-MS, FTIR, UV-visible, and XPS.
The XRD results show that co-doped S- and Ce- TiO2 would reduce the crystalline size. The UV-visible spectra analyses indicate that the absorbance in the visible region by S5/TiO2 and CenS5/TiO2 increases compared with TiO2. The XPS analyses of all photocatalysts show that Ti, O, and S exist as Ti4+, O2-, and S6+, respectively, and form Ti-O-S bonds in TiO2. The XPS spectra also prove that Ce3+, as Ce2O3, and Ce4+, as CeO2, exist in CenS5/TiO2 lattice and surface.
According to the results of activity test, we chose S5/TiO2 for further study on the effects of operating parameters, including residence time, DMS inlet concentration, and relative humidity. The results show that the lower the DMS inlet concentration, the higher degradation rate and carbon mineralization are while residence time ranged from 70 to 120 second. The conversion of DMS is around 97.84 % and carbon mineralization is about 45.69 % under the best conditions.
The carbon recovery has been calculated. The experimental condition was set at 7.83 ppm inlet DMS, 35 s residence time, 18 g/kg absolute humiditily, and 45 oC. The reactants, DMS, about 3.25 and 2.84 ppm, were detected by GC-MS in the fifth and tenth minutes, respectively, after the white LED light turned on. The intermediates, DMDS, about 0.55 and 0.47 ppm, respectively, were detected by GC-MS. CO2 concentration was detected by a CO2 analyzer. The CO2 concentration were 2.61 and 3.43 ppm, respectively. The carbon recoveries calculated were in the range of 81.9-86.0 %. It’s suggested that some intermediates, e.g., CO, may account for around 15-20 % of carbon.
Two kinetic models, the Mar & van Krevelen model and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model were used to analyze the data. The results show that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model 2 may be feasible to describe the photocatalytic oxidation of DMS, and the model is based on the assumption that reaction takes place with [VOC]i and water both adsorbed on photocatalyst surface.
Some reaction intermediates and products are detected in the gas phase and on the photocatalyst surface, as SO2, H2SO4, CO2, DMDS, DMSO, DMSO2, CO and MSA by FTIR spectra. Because the transmittance intensities of all species in the wet sample are stronger than that in the dry samples, It can be found that •O2- and •OH are the key species for the dry sample and the wet sample, respectively. Besides, the results are consistent with section 4-3.3. Water vapor and •OH may enhance the degradation of intermediates toward carbon mineralization and modify intermediate quantities. A detailed photocatalytic DMS degradation pathways are proposed, starting with O atom and C-S bond cleavage drives DMS oxidation in the dry sample, and starting with •OH drives DMS oxidation, C-S bond cleavage, and S oxidation in the wet sample.

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