| 研究生: |
楊思緁 Yang, Sih-Jie |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
地緣政治與供應鏈重構:拜登政府科技政策對台灣半導體產業的影響與政策因應 Geopolitics and Supply Chain Restructuring: The Impact of the Biden Administration's Technology Policies on Taiwan's Semiconductor Industry and Policy Responses |
| 指導教授: |
王宏仁
Wang, Hung-Jen |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 政治學系 Department of Political Science |
| 論文出版年: | 2025 |
| 畢業學年度: | 113 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 86 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 雙鑽石理論 、小院高牆 、晶片與科學法案 、台積電赴美設廠 、供應鏈重組 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | the Double Diamond model, “small yard, high fence”, the CHIPS and Science Act, TSMC’s investments in U.S.-based fabrication facilities, supply chain restructure |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:12 下載:4 |
| 分享至: |
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本研究以雙鑽石理論為框架,探討拜登政府「小牆高牆」的科技政策對台灣半導體產業之衝擊及應對,並透台積電赴美設廠案例解析供應鏈重構趨勢。本文指出,美國以《晶片與科學法案》當中的「進攻╱防禦」雙軌策略,鎖定EUV設備與先進縮中國軍民資金,同時以稅賦與資金誘因拉動資源回流,初步台積電投資超過650億美元於節點州興建三座4至2納米晶圓廠,並使台積電的中國營收自2020年17%降至2023年11%,而美國的營收增加,顯示市場重心向「民主晶片聯盟」傾斜。臺灣政府則以「晶片三法」租稅抵減、Å世代計畫與南部S形廊帶並推動再生水、綠電及25%研發抵消等措施,強化人才、研發與資源集中聚落。透過分析顯示,台灣仰賴產業聚落與高科技人才的優勢,美國則提供龐大的市場,但文化、基礎建設等因素,短期間難以複製台灣模式。為維持台灣的優勢,建議以階梯式的稅務抵減、擴大就業金卡範圍,以及並結合ESG指標優化弱勢體系,提升產業永續發展的能力。並由企業透過自動化、技術創新的作為,讓臺灣可在全球市場經濟與政治之間取得平衡的實力。
This study employs the Double Diamond model to investigate the implications of the Biden administration's "small yard, high fence" technology strategy for Taiwan's semiconductor industry and corresponding adaptive strategies. The analysis reveals that under the offensive-defensive dual-track approach enshrined in the CHIPS and Science Act, the United States has sought to curtail China's access to key enabling technologies while simultaneously incentivizing semiconductor production onshoring through substantial subsidies. These measures prompted TSMC's investments in U.S.-based fabrication facilities, with commitments exceeding US$65 billion toward constructing three advanced fabs producing chips at 4nm to 2nm process nodes. During this period, TSMC's revenue share from China declined from 17% in 2020 to 11% in 2023, while U.S. market share expanded, reflecting broader supply chain restructure toward a "Democratic Chip Alliance." Taiwan has reinforced domestic competitive advantages through legislative instruments including the Three Semiconductor Statutes, Å-Generation Program, and Southern S-shaped Corridor Initiative. Findings indicate Taiwan's enduring strengths reside in dense industrial ecosystems and specialized human capital, whereas the United States confronts cultural, operational, and infrastructural constraints limiting its ability to replicate Taiwan's development model in the near term.
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