輕軌列車主要行駛於專用路權上，但路線中仍包含與其他車輛與行人共用的平面交叉路口。由於輕軌列車體積龐大且多行駛於都市中心地區，因此在交叉路口與混合路權區段容易發生碰撞事故。近年來，高雄輕軌碰撞事故隨營運里程擴大而呈現上升趨勢，事故主要肇因於其他用路人違規闖入輕軌軌道區。過去多數輕軌安全相關研究多著重於事故統計資料分析，較少關注人為與組織層面的風險因子；同時，亦少有研究從第一線操作人員——司機員的角度，探討輕軌碰撞事故的潛在風險。
本研究針對此研究缺口，結合高雄輕軌司機員與相關領域專家的觀點，識別人為風險因子。風險因子依據過往文獻與高雄輕軌碰撞事故影像資料，透過 SHELLO 模型進行分類，並以兩階段問卷調查方式進行：第一階段由司機員篩選出初步的重要風險因子，再由專家根據結果，評估風險因子的相對重要性、改善可行性與構面間之因果關係。
本研究共識別出 34 項關鍵風險因子。根據司機員的排序結果，前五項風險因子為：(1) 其他用路人違反標誌或號誌、(2) 民眾之道路安全觀念、(3) 其他用路人未注意輕軌靠近、(4) 司機員察覺道路狀況之能力，以及 (5) 路口執法取締用路人違規。另由專家因果圖分析結果顯示，「司機員的核心能力」與「司機員與組織的互動」兩個構面為主要的原因構面，顯示此二構面的潛在風險可能對其他構面造成影響，建議應優先檢視與管理相關風險因子。

Light Rail Transit (LRT) systems mainly run on segregated right-of-way (ROW) but often include at-grade crossings shared with road users. Their large vehicle mass and operation in urban areas lead to higher collision risks, especially in mixed ROW areas. In recent years, the Kaohsiung Light Rail Transit (KLRT) system has reported a growing number of incidents, largely due to illegal trespassing. Most previous LRT safety studies have focused on statistical crash data, with limited attention to human risk and organizational risk factors. Few studies have examined risks from the perspective of LRT drivers, who serve as frontline personnel in daily operations. In this study, human risk factors were first categorized using the SHELLO model based on literature and KLRT video footage. A two-phase survey was then conducted: KLRT drivers identified key risks, followed by expert evaluations of their importance, causal influence, and improvement–achievability.
A total of 34 critical risk factors were identified. The top five risks perceived by drivers were: violation of traffic signs or signals by other road users, public awareness of road safety, unawareness of approaching trams, tram drivers’ situation awareness, and intersection enforcement. According to the expert-based cause–effect diagram, the dimensions of drivers’ core ability and the interaction between drivers and the organization emerged as significant causal factors. These dimensions are recommended as priority areas for further risk management and safety improvements.

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