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研究生： 劉氏黃茹
Nhu, Luu Thi Huynh
論文名稱： 多電子氧化還原活性材料用於高性能水性鋅離子電池
Multi-electron Redox-active Material for High-performance Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries
指導教授： 柯碧蓮
Watchareeya Kaveevivitchai
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2021
畢業學年度： 109
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 104
外文關鍵詞： Energy storage systems, Aqueous Zn-ion batteries, Organic materials, Cathode, Hexaazatriphenylene
相關次數： 點閱：137  下載：0 
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    • Zinc-based rechargeable batteries with two-electron transfer are promising alternative for large-scale energy storage applications. Zinc metal anodes offer several advantages, such as natural abundance, low cost, non-toxicity, and most importantly, the compatibility with both aqueous and non-aqueous systems. Water-based electrolytes are attractive due to significantly higher ionic conductivity compared to most organic electrolytes, lower cost, and non-flammability. Therefore, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are one of those energy storage systems gaining considerable attention in recent years.
    Herein, anorganic small molecule , hexaazatrianthranylene (HATA) embedded quinone (HATAQ), was investigated as cathode in AZIBs. Organic electrode materials have several merits, such as low toxicity, sustainability as well as chemical and structural tunability toward high energy density. The conjugated quinone moieties introduced into the structure of HATA result in highly extended π-conjugation and a larger number of redox active sites. The electrochemical performance of HATAQ was optimized by using different electrode ratios, conducting additives, current collectors, and electrolytes. When used as cathode, HATAQ can yield an extra-high capacity of 492 mAh g‒1 at 50 mA g‒1 in 1 M ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte within the voltage range of 0.2-2 V (vs. Zn/Zn2+). At an extremely high rate of 20 A g‒1, HATAQ delivers a reversible capacity of 199 mAh g‒1 corresponding to 99% retention of the initial capacity after 1000 cycles. These electrochemical properties are found to be one of the best ever reported for AZIB organic-based electrode materials.
    To investigate the underlying redox mechanism of this compound in AZIBs, various ex-situ characterization techniques were used. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements were carried out. The carbonyl (C=O) and imine (C=N) functional groups were confirmed to be the redox-active sites of HATAQ. These redox centers were found to interact with both the Zn2+ and H+ species from the dissociation of the aqueous electrolyte. A zinc hydroxyl sulfate hydrate, Zn4(OH)6SO4·xH2O, was also identified as a discharge by-product forming at the surface of the cathode. These mechanistic studies undoubtedly suggest co-insertion of Zn2+ and H+ during the discharge/charge process in the Zn/HATAQ AZIB system. The insights into the redox reaction of this organic small-molecule-based HATAQ cathode may pave the way for the development of next-generation rechargeable batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.

    Abstract I Acknowledgments III Table of Contents IV List of Figures VII List of Tables XII Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Aqueous and Non-aqueous Zn-ion Batteries 4 1.1.1 Non-aqueous Electrolytes 5 1.1.2 Aqueous Electrolytes 7 1.2 Cathode Materials and Mechanistic Studies 11 1.2.1 Inorganic Cathodes 12 1.2.1.1 Zn2+ intercalation 13 1.2.1.2 Conversion Reaction Mechanism 14 1.2.1.3 H+/ Zn2+ Co-insertion/Extraction Mechanism 16 1.2.2 Organic Cathodes 19 1.2.2.1 N-type Materials 21 1.2.2.2 Bipolar-Type Organic Compounds 29 1.2.2.3 P-type 31 1.3 Metallic Zn Anode 32 1.3.1 Intrinsic Properties 32 1.3.2 Challenges and Strategies 34 1.4 Current Collector and Separator Design 36 Chapter 2 Motivation and Design Strategies 40 2.1 Improving Specific Capacity 40 2.2 High Output Voltage 41 2.3 Long Cycle performance 42 2.4 High-Rate Capability 43 Chapter 3 Experimental Section 48 3.1 Synthesis of Cathode Material 48 3.2 Electrochemical Measurements 51 3.2.1 Materials 51 3.2.2 Preparation of Zn/ HATAQ cells 52 3.3 Materials Characterization 53 3.3.1 Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) 53 3.3.2 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 53 3.3.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) 54 3.3.4 Raman Spectroscopy 54 3.3.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 54 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 55 4.1 Materials Characterization 55 4.2 Optimization of Electrochemical Performance 58 4.3 Electrochemical Investigation 64 4.4 Mechanistic Study 69 4.4.1 Ex-situ FT-IR 76 4.4.2 Ex-situ Raman 77 4.4.3 Ex-situ SEM 78 4.4.4 Ex-situ XRD 80 4.4.5 Ex-situ XPS 83 4.4.6 GITT and EIS measurements 88 Chapter 5 91 Conclusions 91 References 93

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