低收入和中等收入國家的飲食模式 (DP) 正在發生巨大變化。食物模式的轉變是造成營養不良雙重負擔 (DBM) 的關鍵因素。然而，過去使用 DP 方法來了解 DBM 的複雜病因的研究有限。本研究採用 2013 年菲律賓全國營養調查的數據來探討成年人 DP 和 DBM 之間的關係。本研究主要發現是每三個菲律賓成年人中，就有一個患有個人層級 DBM。接著使用因素分析來瞭解DP型態，結果男性共產生了七種模式，而女性則為六種模式。在控制了潛在的混淆變項後，使用米類製品模式達中等程度的男性，與較低的DBM有關。此外，男性的肉類和糖模式以及女性的富含蛋白質的食物、穀物和糖模式，也有類似的影響。相較之下，使用蔬菜和玉米模式前三分之一高的女性，相對於後三分之一的女性，有較高的DBM風險。這些發現有助於加強公共衛生介入措施，以對抗各種形式的營養不良。

Dietary patterns (DP) are shifting considerably in low- and middle-income countries. The transition in food patterns is a key driver of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). However, limited research has been conducted using the DP approach in understanding the complex etiology of DBM. This study employed a nationwide dataset from the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey to investigate the relationship between DP and DBM among adults. The main findings were that one in every three Filipino adults suffered from individual-level DBM. Factor analysis generated seven patterns for males and six patterns for females. Male adults with medium adherence to the rice pattern had lower odds of experiencing DBM after controlling for potential confounders. The meat and sugar pattern among males and the protein-rich foods, cereal, and sugar pattern among females also had similar effects. In contrast, female adults in the middle or upper tertiles of the vegetables and corn pattern displayed a higher risk of developing DBM relative to those in the bottom tertile. These findings can contribute to enhancing public health interventions to combat malnutrition in all its forms.

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