具演奏裝置自動機定義為「可完成特定動作、且不需任何額外操作的機械裝置」。這類裝置已經發展了兩千多年，用以模仿動物鳴叫聲、或演奏一段旋律。許多國家紀錄或保存了這類自動機，反映了這些地區在當代的科技發展水準。本研究列舉自古希臘時期至19世紀的18位發明家或紀錄者，藉由分類並分析他們的演奏裝置自動機作品，釐清並比較此類裝置在東方和西方的發展歷程。此外，亦提出一套復原設計方法，對於現存或有文獻紀錄的演奏裝置自動機進行系統化的機械構造分析及合成，以得到符合設計需求與限制的所有可行機構。
復原設計方法包括了四個步驟，分別是構造分析、分類、復原設計、及復原製造。這類機械裝置可拆解為動力、傳動、樂器、及機械人偶等四個系統。根據樂器的發聲原理，將這些裝置分為自動管樂器、敲擊樂器、弦樂器、及音梳樂盒等四個類別。機構構造的復原設計是根據各種紀錄或保存情形中可辨識的資料，進行構造分析或合成，並針對7項具有圖片記錄的演奏裝置自動機進行樂器分類及機構分析，包括Heron自鳴鳥、Al-Jazari演奏者船、Da Vinci自動鼓、Kircher音律鐘、Newton木哨鐘、Hosokawa鼓笛兒童、以及Borgnis所記錄的音樂盒等。再者，針對2項內部構造不明的自動機進行構造合成，分別產生符合設計需求與限制的所有可行機構，包括荷花缸鐘與五輪沙漏。為了評估復原設計的成果，由荷花缸鐘及五輪沙漏的復原可行設計中分別擇一進行復原製造。藉由電腦3D模型的模擬、以及原型機的實驗測試，分析此復原設計的運動特性。本研究探討經由復原設計的自動機在現代中的應用，例如用於科普教材的研發。本研究所提出的設計程序亦可應用於其他具有類似機構構造的演奏裝置自動機。

Automata are mechanical devices designed to perform a certain motion or sequence of operations in a self-operating fashion. Musical automata date back at least two thousand years, and are designed to play a particular melody, or mimic the sound of animals. Many automata have been documented; with thousands (or more) of devices preserved in museums and collections around the world. The solutions implemented within these automata reflect the mechanical and technological capabilities of the time, and are thus of great interest to historians and mechanism designers alike. Accordingly, this thesis examines 18 inventors from various regions of the world from the Ancient Greek period to the late 19th century. A systematic reconstruction design methodology is proposed to analyze and synthesize systematically all feasible mechanisms capable of meeting the design specification, requirements, and constraint of each automaton based on the preserved or documented records.
The proposed reconstruction design procedure comprises four steps: structure analysis, classification, reconstruction design, and reconstruction manufacture. In the first step, the selected music-playing automata are analyzed in terms of four main units, namely the power system, the music generator system, the transmission system, and mechanical puppets. In the second step, the automata are classified according to the physical means used to generate the melody or musical sound, namely wind, percussion, strings, and steel music comb. Thirdly, in the reconstruction design stage, the design specifications, constraints and basic engineering data of the automata are identified from historical literature and previous studies, or are inferred via the conceptions of generalization and specialization where such information is not available. Nine of the automata are reconstructed using the proposed design procedure, including seven automata with illustrated records (Heron’s Singing Bird, Al-Jazari’s Musician Boat, Da Vinci’s Machine Drums, Kircher’s Melody-Playing Bells, Newton’s Wooden Flutes Clock, Hosokawa’s Drum-Flute Figure, and Borgnis’ Music Box) and two automata with unknown mechanical structures (the Blossoming Flower Clock and Zhan’s Sand Clock). Finally, one of the feasible mechanisms for the Blossoming Flower automaton and Zhan’s Sand Clock, respectively, is selected for reconstruction manufacturing by means of computer simulation and solid prototype testing to evaluate the reconstruction design results. In addition, possible avenues for future research are briefly discussed. And, the presented design procedure can also be used for other music-playing automata with similar characteristics of mechanism structure.

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