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研究生：	游有方 Yu, Yu-Fang
論文名稱：	關廟層砂岩之力學特性
指導教授：	李德河 Lee, Der-Her
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年：	2003
畢業學年度：	91
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	132
中文關鍵詞：	直接剪力、元素分析、電子顯微鏡、崩解耐久性、關廟層砂岩
外文關鍵詞：	mechanical behavior, slope stability analysis, soft rock, mudstone, psammite, sandstone
相關次數：	點閱：138 下載：2
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我國西南部麓山帶於嘉義及台南一帶主要出露之地層為二重溪層及六雙層等沉積層，此類沉積岩地層多為細至中粒砂岩、泥岩及其互層所組成。由於其成岩時間較短、膠結性不良以及遇水容易產生弱化、崩解、回漲等現象，導致抵抗外在環境侵蝕能力較差。
本文針對我國西南部地區出露於台南縣關廟鄉、龍崎鄉一帶，整合於南化泥岩之上之關廟層軟弱砂岩進行基本物理性質、電子顯微鏡(SEM)、元素分析(EDS)、消散耐久性試驗、超音波試驗、直接剪力試驗、單壓試驗、透水試驗、應變控制及不同應力路徑之三軸壓密不排水試驗。
由試驗結果顯示，此地區所取得之試體屬於ISRM (International Society of Rock Mechanics)所定義之軟弱岩石。乾燥之關廟層砂岩之單壓強度約為2 Mpa，且隨含水量之增加而驟降約80%。由崩解耐久性試驗之結果指出，關廟層砂岩極易受乾濕之循環而產生崩解。根據砂、泥岩互層直剪試驗的結果顯示，在飽和狀態下，砂、泥岩互層之尖峰及殘餘力學參數皆低於砂岩及泥岩。根據三軸透水試驗結果顯示其滲透係數約為5.92 ×10-5 cm/sec。
而根據不同應力路徑之三軸壓密不排水試驗得知當圍壓為增加之趨勢，試體之抗剪強度增加，且體積變化呈現剪縮性的趨勢。當總平均圍壓為減低之趨勢時，試體之抗剪強度降低，且體積變化趨勢呈現剪脹性之趨勢。
由試驗結果及驗證相關學者提出之破壞準則後，歸納出乾燥之關廟層砂岩之脆延性轉換壓力約介於7-8 MPa 之間。再輔以基本物性之結果及電子顯微鏡及元素分析之微觀的角度來描述關廟層之力學特性。

The purpose of this project is to study the mechanical properties of soft rocks such as sandstone、psammite and mudstone in southern Taiwan which was passed through by highway. A series of tests including triaxial test is be performed to study the mechanical behaviors for soft rocks with different contents. The investigation on the mechanical properties of sandstone in southern Taiwan use a series of tests including general physical test、uniaxial compressive test、derect shear test and tradition triaxial test. From the mechanical properties of rocks , we know that is the part of soft rock in ISRM (Internatopnal Society of Rock Mechanics). In the confine stress(σ3 ≒6.0Mpa) the fracture shows the brittle behavior , but by the increase of the confine stress the fracture shows the ductile behavior. In addition , the volume is compressed in advance then expansion in the low confine stress like the overconsolidation condition , the excess pore water pressure is right then negative. In the high confine stress , the volume is compressed like normal concolidation condition. Furthermore, the database of soft rocks in southern Taiwan will be established for slope stability analysis, and the observation of the slope along the highway will be used for feedback analysis.

摘要.......................................................................................................Ⅰ
誌謝.......................................................................................................Ⅱ
目錄.......................................................................................................Ⅲ
表目錄...................................................................................................Ⅵ
圖目錄...................................................................................................Ⅷ
第一章緒論
1-1 研究動機與目的..............................................................1
1-2 研究流程.........................................................................2
第二章文獻回顧
2-1 軟弱岩石概述..................................................................3
2-1-1 軟弱岩石定義...........................................................3
2-1-2 軟弱岩石成因與種類...............................................5
2-1-3 軟弱岩石之力學及工程特性...................................6
2-2 台灣西南部地區地質概述..............................................9
2-2-1 台灣西南部軟弱岩層之分布...................................9
2-2-2 台灣西南部軟弱岩層之力學特性............................12
2-3 軟弱岩石強度影響因子..................................................13
2-3-1 圍壓對岩石之力學行為之影響...............................13
2-3-2 含水量對岩石之力學行為之影響............................16
IV
2-3-3 速率效應對岩石之力學行為之影響........................18
2-4 軟弱岩石之變形特性......................................................21
2-5 軟弱岩石之受剪行為......................................................23
2-6 軟弱岩石之滲透性質......................................................24
2-7 不同應力路徑對岩石力學性質之影響...........................30
2-8 軟弱岩石之三軸試驗系統..............................................30
2-8-1 軟弱岩石之三軸設備… … … … … … … … .. ..............30
2-8-2 軟弱岩石三軸試驗之方法… … … … … … ................32
2-9 軟弱岩石之破壞準則… … … … … … … … … ...................34
第三章試驗儀器與試驗規劃
3-1 試驗儀器.........................................................................39
3-1-1 超音波量測設備.......................................................39
3-1-2 掃描式電子顯微鏡...................................................40
3-1-3 崩解耐久性...............................................................40
3-1-4 直接剪力試驗機.......................................................41
3-1-5 載重試驗機(MTS)....................................................42
3-1-6 三軸試驗系統...........................................................45
3-2 試體來源與製作..............................................................50
3-2-1 試體來源..................................................................50
3-2-2 試體製作..................................................................53
3-3 試驗規劃與方法..............................................................54
3-3-1 基本物性試驗...........................................................54
3-3-2 電子顯微鏡及元素分析...........................................55
3-3-3 超音波試驗...............................................................55
3-3-4 崩解耐久性試驗.......................................................56
3-3-5 直接剪力試驗...........................................................57
3-3-6 單軸壓縮試驗...........................................................58
3-3-7 透水試驗..................................................................59
3-3-8 應變控制之三軸壓縮試驗.......................................61
3-3-9 不同應力路徑三軸壓密不排水試驗........................63
第四章試驗結果與討論......................................................................65
4-1 基本物性試驗結果..........................................................65
4-2 粒徑分析.........................................................................66
4-3 電子顯微鏡及元素分析..................................................67
4-4 超音波試驗......................................................................69
4-5 崩解耐久性試驗..............................................................70
4-6 直接剪力試驗結果..........................................................72
4-7 單軸壓縮試驗試驗結果..................................................82
4-8 三軸透水試驗結果..........................................................85
4-9 軸向應變控制之三軸壓縮試驗結果...............................86
4-9-1 乾燥關廟層試體之三軸壓縮試驗結果與討論........86
4-9-2 飽和關廟層試體之三軸壓縮試驗結果與討論........90
4-10 不同總應力路徑之下三軸壓密不排水試驗結果....... 102
4-10-1 乾燥砂岩試體之不同應力路徑三軸壓縮試驗.... 104
4-10-2 飽和砂岩試體之不同應力路徑三軸壓縮試驗.... 107
4-11 破壞準則… … … .......................................................... 113
4-11-1 建立關廟層砂岩之破壞準則................................. 113
4-11-2 相關破壞準則......................................................... 116
第五章結論與建議… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...119
5-1 結論… … … … … ............................................................ 126
5-2 建議… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..................... 127
參考文獻… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ................ 128
                                    

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