適應性光學(adaptive optics system，AOS)常被應用於天文望遠鏡、多光子顯微鏡、雷射加工等領域中。AOS主要由三個部分組成：波前感測器、波前修正器跟閉迴圈控制器。AOS的目的在於偵測光學路徑中的干擾，並將其補償以提升系統的效率。此論文中，我們開發了結合現場可程式邏輯閘陣列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)與CameraLink的Shack-Hartmann感測器(Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor，SHWS)，運算頻率高達200 Hz，快速的波前感測器可以幫助我們準確地捕捉到干擾的快速變化。波前修正器的部分，我們使用32 channel的可調變聚焦鏡(deformable mirror，DM)，DM的好處在於響應頻率達到kHz等級，我們鑑別DM的響應矩陣，並建立了高對比度的單一Zernike像差模組。在閉迴圈控制器的設計上，我們將基於像差模組以及干擾，轉移函數設計成可以預測弦波變化的八個獨立控制器。我們結合上述三個部分，使AOS可以補償從靜態到20 Hz的動態干擾。同時藉由Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)分析干擾的頻率，使我們可以隨時偵測干擾頻率的變化並更新閉迴圈控制器將其補償。

Adaptive optics (AO) is developed for compensating the aberrations in optics and specimen to restore the optical performance for various applications such as image formation, laser processing, and beam shaping. In order to reduce the controller complexity and extend the compensation capacity from static aberration to dynamic disturbance, we have developed the AO system which is able to track dynamic disturbance and adjust the controller parameters for fast compensation. The CameraLink and field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) operated at 200 Hz and we offline identify the driving voltage vectors for the 32-channel deformable mirror (DM) to generate individual Zernike mode in optical system. The incoming aberration is identified online in real time and the analyzed frequency is used to update the controller. We implement 8 parallel independent discrete controllers in FPGA to track and compensate the corresponding Zernike mode individually. The experimental results show the AO system with the parallel model-based controllers can compensate the static aberrations and the dynamic disturbance up to 20 Hz.

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