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研究生: 黃祥遠
Huang, Xiang-yuan
論文名稱: 量子Coiflet'C6小波轉換演算法設計
Algorithm design for Quantum Coiflet'C6 wavelet transform
指導教授: 黃吉川
Hwang, Chi-Chuan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 工程科學系
Department of Engineering Science
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 106
中文關鍵詞: 量子小波轉換 、Coiflet'C6小波
外文關鍵詞: Quantum wavelet transform, Quantum Coiflet'C6 wavelet
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  • 量子電腦透過位元獨特的「量子疊加」和「量子糾纏」特性,對比傳統電腦的運算步驟被位元數所限制,量子位元能夠同時產生0和1的疊加態,跳脫線性關係,往指數型運算邁進,傳統電腦需要上萬年才能解決的運算,量子電腦只要短時間即能完成。
    小波轉換解決了傅立葉轉換在處理非平穩訊號上的缺陷,對於非平穩訊號的處理,傅立葉轉換只能分析訊號中內含有哪些頻率的成分,無法加入時頻進行分析,這也造成了在不同時域訊號中可能會對應好幾個類似頻譜圖的問題,因此小波轉換透過改變傅立葉轉換基底,進而能藉由小波函數的伸縮、平移對應到非平穩訊號在時域上每個位置的頻率,且得到一張精準的"時頻譜圖"。
    本文目的是將小波轉換與量子電腦做結合,成為新的「量子小波理論」。我們選用了具有高消失動量且小波函數波形近似對稱的Coiflet小波作為研究的主題,利用矩陣分解、量子排列、以及量子邏輯閘設計方法,以基礎一位元邏輯閘和CNOT邏輯閘組合出Coiflet’C6小波轉換之完整量子電路,同時計算此電路設計需要的時間與空間複雜度。
    最後加入NASS在量子電路中表達多維度的圖像,並實際地將量子C6小波轉換應用於圖像壓縮上,且加上量子容錯理論,估算容錯前後所需代價之差異。

    Quantum computers have the unique characteristics of "quantum superposition" and "quantum entanglement" of qubits. Qubits can produce superposition states of 0 and 1 at the same time, escaping the linear relationship and moving towards exponential calculations. Therefore, quantum computers have better performance than classical computing.

    Wavelet transform solves the defects of Fourier transform in processing non-stationary signals. For the processing of non-stationary signals, Fourier transform only analyze which frequency components are contained in the signal, and doesn’t analyze time-frequency. Therefore, the wavelet transform changes the Fourier transform base. It can correspond to the frequency of each position of the non-stationary signal in the time domain through the expansion and translation of the wavelet function. Moreover we can obtain an accurate "time-spectrogram".

    The purpose of this article is to combine wavelet transformation with quantum computers to become a new "quantum wavelet theory. I chose the Coiflet wavelets that have high vanishing momentum and approximately symmetric wavelet function, and use matrix decomposition, quantum permutation, and quantum logic gate to combine the basic one-qubit logic gate and CNOT logic gate to form Coiflet' C6 wavelet transform. Moreover I also calculate the time complexity and space complexity required by the circuit design.

    Finally, I add NASS method to express multi-dimensional images in quantum circuits, and the quantum C6 wavelet transform is actually applied to image compression. I also add quantum fault tolerance theory to estimate the difference in cost before and after fault tolerance.

    摘要 i Extended Abstract ii 誌謝 vi 目錄 vii 表目錄 x 圖目錄 xi 第1章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 文獻回顧 5 1.3 研究動機 6 1.4 本文架構 7 第2章 量子小波理論知識 8 2.1 傅立葉轉換(Fourier transform) 8 2.2 小波轉換(Wavelet transform) 11 2.3 量子位元 13 2.4 量子邏輯閘 14 2.4.1 量子位元表示法 14 2.4.2 1-Qubit邏輯閘 16 2.4.3 2-Qubit邏輯閘 23 2.4.4 3-Qubit邏輯閘 26 2.5 量子基本運算 28 2.5.1 點積(dot product) 28 2.5.2 直積(direct product) 29 2.5.3 直和(direct sum) 31 2.6 量子排列 32 2.6.1 Qubit Cyclic Left Shift Permutation: Π_2^n 32 2.6.2 Qubit Reversal Permutation: P_2^n 34 2.6.3 Amplitude Downshift Permutation: Q_2^n 36 第3章 Coiflet小波及Daubechies小波應用模擬與比較 39 3.1 小波圖像壓縮 40 3.2 Daubechies小波 43 3.3 Coiflet小波 44 3.4 Coiflet與Daubechies小波換比較 45 第4章 量子Coiflet’C6小波轉換 46 4.1 量子邏輯閘分解 46 4.1.1 1-Qubit邏輯閘分解 46 4.1.2 Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) 47 4.1.3 Cosine-Sine Decomposition(CSD) 48 4.2 量子Coiflet’C6小波轉換分解 49 4.3 量子Coiflet’C6小波完整電路 58 4.4 量子電路複雜度 60 4.4.1 Π_2^n的電路複雜度 61 4.4.2 P_2^n的電路複雜度 62 4.4.3 Q_2^n的電路複雜度 63 4.4.4 量子Coiflet’C6小波的電路複雜度 67 第5章 量子小波之模擬與比較 69 5.1 量子位元表達多維度的圖像 69 5.2 小波轉換應用 75 5.3 量子Daubechies小波轉換 78 5.3.1 量子Daubechies’D4小波轉換 78 5.3.2 量子Daubechies’D6小波轉換 81 5.4 量子Daubechies小波以及Coiflet小波轉換之比較 84 5.5 量子Coiflet’C6小波轉換加入表面碼量子容錯 88 5.5.1 量子原像攻擊的代價 88 5.5.2 魔術態蒸餾的代價 90 第6章 結論與未來展望 93 6.1 結論 93 參考文獻 94 附錄A 101

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