光學水質(OWQ)為評估水體品質及價值最直接的方式，以顏色及透明度為最常見的光學水質，而瞭解水庫光學性質將有助於OWQ發展及應用。本研究根據透明度(SD)及葉綠素a(Chl-a)分類結果，調查2014年12月至2015年05月日月潭、南化、鯉魚潭及鳳山水庫的光學性質，包含固有光學性質(IOP)、外顯光學性質(AOP)及光敏活性物質(OAS)濃度，分析頻率為每月一次。IOP分析方面，以濾膜結凍轉移(FTF)結合穿透與反射法(TR法)量測顆粒吸收與背向散射係數、光譜儀分析光消係數及黃色物質(CDOM)吸收係數；AOP分析方面，以光譜儀搭配鏡頭量測水面反射率、光度計分析光衰減係數及沙奇盤量測透明度；OAS濃度分析方面，量測水體的溶解性有機物(DOC)、懸浮固體物(TSS)、非揮發性懸浮固體物(NVSS)、濁度及Chl-a。
光學平衡方面，本研究評估現地量測AOP與根據實測IOP及背向散射比調整所計算之AOP間的光學閉鎖性，找出最穩定的背向散射比，分別為 0.14(日月潭水庫)、0.05(南化水庫)、0.06(鯉魚潭水庫)及0.20(鳳山水庫)，分析結果顯示兩者光學特徵大致相符。
根據濃度分析、IOP分析與光學平衡調校結果，本研究分別建立四水庫之生光模式(BOM)，包含比單位固有光學特性(SIOP)與代表性光學模式，以利透明度及顏色模式建立。
本研究以各水庫BOM建立水體澄清度與水色模式，以各水庫採樣期間進行透明度及水色模擬。透明度方面，以南化水庫模擬結果最佳(R=0.758)及鳳山水庫(R=0.419)模擬最差，調整最佳的透明度模式參數Γ，分別為5.76(日月潭水庫)、10.37(南化水庫)、7.71(鯉魚潭水庫)及6.51(鳳山水庫)；水色方面，日月潭為綠色偏藍(DOC: 1.483~0.272 mg/L; SS: 3.96~0.06 mg/L; Chl-a: 1.80~0.02 μg/L)；南化水庫為深綠色(DOC: 1.496~0.711 mg/L; SS: 15.2~1.02 mg/L; Chl-a: 13.6~0.60 μg/L)；鯉魚潭水庫為淺綠色(DOC: 1.022~0.604 mg/L; SS: 4.90~0.70 mg/L; Chl-a: 3.67~0.62 μg/L)；鳳山水庫為褐黃土色及墨綠色為主(DOC: 4.995~2.462 mg/L; SS: 85.5~3.70 mg/L; Chl-a: 78.5~2.68 μg/L)。水色模擬結果與現場拍攝之照片雖有些許差異，但足以區分出水庫的典型水色。利用環保署2005-2012年水庫水質季監測資料模擬水庫透明度與重建水色，結果顯示本研究發展之水庫澄清度與水色模式可大致掌握各水庫透明度之季變化趨勢，模擬結果以鯉魚潭水庫最佳(R=0.879)，以鳳山水庫最差(R=0.643)。
本研究發展之水庫澄清度與水色模式可與現有水庫水質模式結合，分析集水區污染物減量與光學水質間的量化關係，作為光學水質管理模式工具。

Optical Water Quality (OWQ) is the most direct and easiest way to observe the water quality. However, unlike other water quality management has been developed many mode, OWQ management has been not yet haven a model with the physical mechanism, The objective of this study is to establish clarity and color model with the physical mechanism. First, according to the results of Secchi Depth (SD) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) classification, this study picks up SunMoonlake Reservoir (SMR), NanHua Reservoir (NHR), LiYutan Reservoir (LYR) and FengShan Reservoir (FSR) to study. Second, the Apparent Optical Properties (AOPs), Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) and Optically Active Substance (OAS) concentration were analyzed. Third, according to optical database collected from this study, Bio-Optical Model (BOM) is established. Forth, by BOM and Radiative Transfer Model (RTM), water clarity and color model are established. The results of this study show: (1) By optical closure with RTM, The best Backscattering ratio (B) is 0.14(SMR), 0.05(NHR), 0.06(LYR) and 0.20(FSR), (2) During sampling period, Γ is 5.76(SMR), 10.37(NHR), 7.71(LYR) and 6.5(FSR). Through using seasonal water quality data from EPA in Taiwan to simulate SD, the results show that Liyutan reservoir is best (R=0.879) and Fengshan reservoir is the worst (R=0.643). (3)For the simulation of color, it is feasible to distinguish typical color among reservoirs. By RTM, BOM and B established by this study can connect the clarity and color model and It can direct simulate water clarity and color without effects of the light field conditions and subjective effects from humans.

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