簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 莎敏娜
Shalagina, Elizaveta
論文名稱： 多元文化經驗如何影響俄羅斯學生對俄羅斯與西方媒體衝突的反應
Impact of Multicultural Experience on Attitude toward the Conflict between Western and Russian Media among Russian Students
指導教授： 劉世南
Liou, Shyh-Nan
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所
Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年： 2014
畢業學年度： 102
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 90
外文關鍵詞： Media, Multicultural experience, Hybrid Regime, Russia
相關次數： 點閱：122  下載：4 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 在俄羅斯的歷史裡，政府對媒體的影響很大，而媒體影響著所有社會人民的思想。雖然由於全球化和易接近的媒介，年青人在網際網路時代成長，有機會體驗到所有可能的信息來源，但他們大多仍遵循政府定下的法規。面對似是而非的消息，我們認為多元文化的經驗是塑造態度的關鍵，尤其是，本研究提案的目的，研究俄羅斯年青人如何回應西方媒體，他們的文化經驗作為一緩和角色，使他們更開放地面對西方媒體。我們的主要研究，是俄羅斯的年青人擁有高度的多元文化經驗，更開放地面對.

    Russian ruling elite throughout the history has great impact on the media which affects minds of all social spheres. Although due to globalization and accessible media, young adults raised in the Internet Era in Russia have a chance to experience all possible source of information, most of them follow politics that prescribed by the government. In this study, we identify the critical role of multicultural experience in shaping attitude toward paradoxical news, in particular, the present study examines how young adults from Russia respond to Western media, and the moderating role of their cultural experience is more open towards Western media. Our main finding indicates that young adults from Russia with multicultural experience, polyculturalism and high integrative complexity have a positive effect of favorable attitude toward conflict between Western and Russian media.

    ABSTRACT I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II TABLE OF CONTENTS III LIST OF TABLES VII LIST OF FIGURES IX CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background. 1 1.2 Research Objectives and Contributions. 2 1.3 Research Structure. 5 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Soviet Union, Iron Curtain, Cold War and Censorship 6 2.1.1 War with Afghanistan 7 2.1.2 Radio Jamming 8 2.1.3 Banning Nobel Laureates in Literature 9 2.1.4 Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1968 10 2.2 The Putin era: Russian and Western Media 10 2.3 Russian Media vs. Western Media 12 2.3.1 Anna Politkovskaya 13 2.3.2 Paul Klebnikov 14 2.3.3 Alexander Litvinenko 14 2.4 Definition of Relevant Research Variables. 14 2.4.1 Negative Attitude toward West 14 2.4.2 Students with Multicultural Experience 15 2.4.3 Need for Closure 16 2.4.4 Openness to New Experience (IPIP Big 5 Factor Markers) 17 2.4.5 Multicultural Ideology 17 2.4.6 Integrative Complexity 18 2.5 Developments of Research Hypotheses. 19 2.5.1 The Relationship between Multicultural Experience and Trust toward Foreign Media. 19 2.5.2 The Relationship between Multicultural Experience and Need for Cognitive Closure. 19 2.5.3 The Relationship between Multicultural Experience and Openness to New Experience. 19 2.5.4 The Relationship between Multicultural Ideology and Foreign Ideas. 20 2.5.5 The Relationship between Integrative Complexity and Foreign Ideas. 21 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 22 3.1 The Research Framework 22 3.2 Construct, Variables, and Measurements 23 3.2.1 Need for Cognitive Closure 23 3.2.2 Openness to New Experience 24 3.2.3 Multicultural Ideology 25 3.2.4 Integrative Complexity 26 3.2.5 Western and Russian Media 27 3.2.6 Control Variables 29 3.3 Research Design 30 3.3.1 Case Selection 30 3.3.2 Questionnaire Design 30 3.3.3 Research Participants 30 3.4 Data Analysis Procedure. 31 3.4.1 Descriptive Statistics Analysis. 31 3.4.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Reliability Test. 31 3.4.3 Common Method Variance. 32 3.4.5 Pearson Correlation Analysis. 32 3.4.6 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis 33 3.5 Summary of Hypotheses 33 CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 35 4.1 Quantitative Data Analysis 35 4.1.1 Descriptive Statistic Analysis 35 4.1.2 Mean, Standard deviation, and Pearson Correlation. 37 4.1.3 Multiple Linear Regressions 38 4.1.4 Logistic Regression on W-R+/W+R- 50 4.2 Discussion 50 4.3 Interview Results 52 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 54 5.1 Conclusion 54 5.2 Research Limitations 55 5.3 Suggestions for Future Research 55 REFERENCES 57 APPENDICES 60 Appendix 1: The Questionnaire (English Version) 60 Appendix 2: The Questionnaire (Russian Version) 75

    Balmuth, D. (1979). Censorship in Russia, 1865-1905. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America.
    Becker, J. (2004). Lessons from Russia: A Neo-Authoritarian Media System. European Journal of Communication, 19(2), 139-163.
    Birnbaum, S. K. (1974). A collective goods analysis of the Warsaw Pact after Czechoslovakia.
    Chang, S. J., Van Witteloostuijn, A., & Eden, L. (2010). From the editors: Common method variance in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(2), 178-184.
    Chiu, C.-y., Morris, M. W., Hong, Y.-y., & Menon, T. (2000). Motivated cultural cognition: the impact of implicit cultural theories on dispositional attribution varies as a function of need for closure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(2), 247.
    Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2001). Business research methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2003). Businees research methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Dewhirst, M. (2002). Censorship in Russia, 1991 and 2001. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 18(1), 21-34.
    Friedman, R., Liu, W., Chi, S.-C. S., Hong, Y.-Y., & Sung, L.-K. (2012). Cross-cultural management and bicultural identity integration: When does experience abroad lead to appropriate cultural switching? International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(1), 130-139.
    Fu, J. H.-y., Morris, M. W., Lee, S.-l., Chao, M., Chiu, C.-y., & Hong, Y.-y. (2007). Epistemic motives and cultural conformity: need for closure, culture, and context as determinants of conflict judgments. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(2), 191.
    Gehlbach, S. (2010). Reflections on Putin and the Media. Post-Soviet Affairs, 26(1), 77-87.
    Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological assessment, 4(1), 26.
    Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. Personality psychology in Europe, 7, 7-28.
    Gori︠a︡eva, T. M., Fond Pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B.N. Elʹt︠s︡ina, & Assot︠s︡iat︠s︡ii︠a︡ "Rossiĭskai︠a︡ politicheskai︠a︡ ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡". (2009). Politicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡enzura v SSSR : 1917-1991 gg (2-e izd., ispr. ed.). Moskva: ROSSPĖN.
    Guriev, S., Trudolyubov, M., & Tsyvinski, A. (2008). Russian Attitudes Toward the West.
    Hair, J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
    Harbutt, F. J. (1986). The iron curtain: Churchill, America, and the origins of the Cold War: Oxford University Press, USA.
    Harman, H. H. (1976). Modern factor analysis (3 ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
    Kelley, R. D. (1999). People in me. ColorLines, 1(3), 5.
    Kim, S. H., Vincent, L. C., & Goncalo, J. A. (2012). Outside Advantage: Can Social Rejection Fuel Creative Thought?
    KOSSOWSKA, M., Van Hiel, A., CHUN, W. Y., & KRUGLANSKI, A. W. (2002). The need for cognitive closure scale: Structure, cross-cultural invariance, and comparison of mean ratings between European-American and East Asian samples. Psychologica Belgica, 42(4), 267-286.
    Leung, A. K.-Y., & Chiu, C.-y. (2008). Interactive effects of multicultural experiences and openness to experience on creative potential. Creativity Research Journal, 20(4), 376-382.
    Leung, A. K.-y., & Chiu, C.-y. (2010). Multicultural experience, idea receptiveness, and creativity. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(5-6), 723-741.
    Leung, A. K.-y., Maddux, W. W., Galinsky, A. D., & Chiu, C.-y. (2008). Multicultural experience enhances creativity: the when and how. American Psychologist, 63(3), 169.
    Livingstone, S. (2004). The challenge of changing audiences or, what is the audience researcher to do in the age of the Internet? European journal of communication, 19(1), 75-86.
    Lucas, E. (2009). The new cold war: how the Kremlin menaces both Russia and the west: Bloomsbury Paperbacks.
    Miller, A. (2012). Perfect opposition: On Putin and Pussy Riot. Public Policy Research, 19(3), 205-207.
    Miron-Spektor, E., Gino, F., & Argote, L. (2011). Paradoxical frames and creative sparks: Enhancing individual creativity through conflict and integration. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 116(2), 229-240.
    Neuberg, S. L., Judice, T. N., & West, S. G. (1997). What the Need for Closure Scale measures and what it does not: Toward differentiating among related epistemic motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(6), 1396.
    Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
    Prashad, V. (2002). Everybody was kung fu fighting: Afro-Asian connections and the myth of cultural purity: Beacon Press.
    Prashad, V. (2003). Bruce Lee and the anti-imperialism of Kung Fu: A polycultural adventure. positions: east asia cultures critique, 11(1), 51-90.
    Roets, A., & Van Hiel, A. (2011). Item selection and validation of a brief, 15-item version of the Need for Closure Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(1), 90-94.
    Rosenthal, L., & Levy, S. R. (2010). The colorblind, multicultural, and polycultural ideological approaches to improving intergroup attitudes and relations. Social Issues and Policy Review, 4(1), 215-246.
    Stanley, W. B., & Brickhouse, N. W. (2001). Teaching sciences: The multicultural question revisited. Science Education, 85(1), 35-49.
    Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (2001). Improving intergroup relations: Sage Publications, Inc.
    Tadmor, C. T., & Tetlock, P. E. (2006). Biculturalism A Model of the Effects of Second-Culture Exposure on Acculturation and Integrative Complexity. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(2), 173-190.
    Tetlock, P., & Peterson, R. R., and J. Berry. 1993.“Flattering and unflattering personality portraits of integratively simple and complex managers.”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 500-511.
    Tetlock, P. E., Peterson, R. S., & Berry, J. M. (1993). Flattering and unflattering personality portraits of integratively simple and complex managers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(3), 500.
    Toepfl, F. (2013). Making Sense of the News in a Hybrid Regime: How Young Russians Decode State TV and an Oppositional Blog. Journal of Communication, 63(2), 244-265.
    Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 67(6), 1049.
    Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1049-1062.
    Williams, T. R. (2005). Exploring the impact of study abroad on students’ intercultural communication skills: Adaptability and sensitivity. Journal of Studies in International Education, 9(4), 356-371.
    Zhelvis, V. (2001). The Xenophobe's® Guide to the Russians: The Xenophobe's® Guides Series: Oval Projects Ltd.

    下載圖示 校內：立即公開
    校外：立即公開
    QR CODE